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Paramedic Capstone Subject - QUT > Topic 9 - Environmental/Sepsis/Infection > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Environmental/Sepsis/Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

Electric shock - factors in extent of injury

A
  • Amount of current that passes through tissue
  • Duration of exposure
  • The tissue traversed by the current
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2
Q

Management of electric shock

A
  • C-spine managment
  • Compartment syndrome management
  • IV access
  • Analgesia
  • 12-lead ECG
  • IV fluid
  • Dysrythmia treatment
  • Burns managment
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3
Q

Heat exhaustion

A
  • 37-40 degrees
  • Severe headache and dizziness
  • Diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting
  • Tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypotension
  • Muscular pain, fatigue and cramps
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4
Q

Heat Stroke

A
  • >40 degrees
  • CNS dysfunction (bizarre behavious, seizures, ALOC)
  • Extreme fatigue, headache and syncope
  • Facial flushing, vomiting and diarrhoea
  • Skin hot and dry
  • Dysrythmias and hypotension
  • ARDS
  • Hypoglycemia and hyperkalemia
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5
Q

Prehospital active cooling method

A
  • Strip-spray-fan-ice
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6
Q

Hyperthermia management

A
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7
Q

Ceftriaxone (Indications)

A
  • Suspected meningococcal septicaemia (with a non-blanching petichial AND/OR purpuric rash)
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8
Q

Ceftriaxone (Contraindications)

A
  • KSAR or hypersensitivity to cephalosporin drugs
  • Known anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction to penicillin based drugs
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9
Q

Ceftriaxone (Precations)

A
  • Nil
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10
Q

Ceftriaxone (Side effects)

A
  • Nausea AND/OR vomiting
  • Pain at the IM administration site
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11
Q

Depth of burns

A
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12
Q

Consider airway burns

A
  • Facial/oral burns
  • Singed nasal hair
  • Carbonaceous sputum
  • Tachypnoea, stidor or hoarsness
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13
Q

Burns requiring managment in a dedicated burns unit

A
  • Partial thickness burns >20% or >10% in <10 and >50 years
  • Full thickness burns >5%
  • Burns involving the face, eyes, ears, hands, feat, genitalia, perineum or overlying a major joint
  • All inhlational burns
  • All significant electrical burns
  • Significant co-morbidities
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14
Q

IV fluid contraindictions in burns

A
  • Should not be administered to patients with significant facial, neck or upper chest burns with high potential for airway or ventilation compromise before airway is formally secured at hospital
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15
Q

Rule of 9’s

A
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16
Q

Burns managment

A
17
Q

Hypothermia causes

A

Increased heat loss:

  • vasodilation
  • environmental
  • trauma
  • loss of skin integrity
  • neuropathy

Decreased heat production

  • age
  • endocrine disorders
  • nutritional deficits
  • immobility

CNS dysfunction

  • trauma
  • CVA
  • hypoxemia
  • malignancy
  • encephalopathy
18
Q

Mild hypothermia

A
  • 32-35 degrees
  • vasocontriction, tachycardia, tachypnoea and normotension
  • Ataxia, apathy/lethargy
19
Q

Moderate hypothermia

A
  • 28-32 degrees
  • Condusion, delirium, ALOC
  • Hypotension, bradycardia, muscle rigidity
20
Q

Severe hypothermia

A
  • <28 degrees
  • Stupor, coma, diminished or absent signs of life, dilated pupils
  • Reduced absent reflexes and apnoea
  • Dysrythmiaas including SB, slow AF (may present with J waves), VF and assystole
21
Q

Hypothermia complications

A
  • Blunted catecholamine release
  • Hypo/perglycemia
  • Hypo/perkalaemia
  • Coagulopathy/DIC/thromboembolic disorders
  • Rhabdomyolysis
22
Q

Hypothermia managment

A
23
Q

Sepsis (definition)

A

Infection complicated by systemic inflammation and can result in organ dysfunction, shock and death

24
Q

Diagnosis of sepsis

A

Requires the presence of a presumed or known site of infection with evidence of Systematic Inflammatory Response Syndroms (SIRS) characterised clinically in adults by the presence of 2 or more of:

  • Tempurature >38.3 or<36
  • Heart rate >90/min
  • RR >20
  • BGL >6.6 (unless diabetic)
  • Acutely altered mental state
25
Q

Diagnosis of severe sepsis

A

Defined by the presence of sepsis and evidence of organ hypoperfusion or dysfunction and is characterised clinically in adults by one or more of:

  • BSP <90 or MAP <65 mmHg
  • O2 saturations <90%
  • Not passed urine in 8 hours
  • Prolonged bleeding from minor injury or gums
26
Q

Fluid overload detaction in sepsis

A
  • Hard to detect where sepsis-induce ARDS present

Paramedic Capstone Subject - QUT (12 decks)

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