topic 9 - ecosystems (assessing pollution

Question 1

`eutrophication

Answer 1

adding more nutrients to an ecosystem than it normally has

Question 2

blackspot fungus

Answer 2

pathogen of roses that is killed by acidic air pollution

Question 3

indicator species

Answer 3

organisms whose presence indicates the presence or absence of certain types of pollution

Question 4

invertebrate

Answer 4

animal without bones, such as insects or worms

Question 5

lichen

Answer 5

a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga. The presence of some species can indicate different levels of air pollution

Question 6

sewage

Answer 6

human waste collected for treatment

Question 7

causes of water pollution

Answer 7

factories, sewage, fertilisers

Question 8

how is factories a cause of water pollution

Answer 8

releasing poisonous substances like mercury or detergents

Question 9

how is sewage a cause of water pollution

Answer 9

untreated sewage contains nitrates

Question 10

how is fertilisers a cause of water pollution

Answer 10

nitrates cause eutrophication, which ultimately decreased the amount of oxygen in the water which kills the organisms

Question 11

list the indicator species in order from low to high pollution level

Answer 11

stonefly nymph, dragonfly nymph, freshwater shrimp, water louse, bloodworm, sludge worm

Question 12

how are invertebrate animals good indicators for water pollution

Answer 12

they are very sensitive to the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water

Question 13

how are lichen good indicators for air pollution

Answer 13

they are very sensitive to the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. the more lichen, the cleaner the air is

Question 14

how is blackspot fungus a good indicator of air pollution

Answer 14

sensitive to the level of sulfur dioxide in the air, so its presence will indicate clean air

Question 15

cost of indicator species

Answer 15

doesn’t tell you how polluted an area is

Question 16

what are dissolved oxygen metres and chemical tests (non-living indicators)

Answer 16

used to accurately measure the level of concentration of dissolved oxygen in water, to show how the level of water pollution is changing

Question 17

what are electronic metres and laboratory tests (non-living indicators)

Answer 17

used to accurately measure the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air, to show how air pollution is changing