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Chemistry > Topic 9 > Flashcards

Topic 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

alkanes

A

saturated
- only has single covalent bonds
CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Alkenes

A

unsaturated
- contain double bonds between carbon atoms
CnH2n

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3
Q

Explain why poly(chloroethene) is a suitable material for this purpose.

A

low ability to conduct electricity / does not
conduct electricity/ insulator (1)
* separates user from {current / electricity} /
prevents shock electric / prevents electrocution

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4
Q

lithium

colour falme test

A

crimson

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5
Q

sodium

colour falme test

A

yellow

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6
Q

potassium

colour falme test

A

lilac

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7
Q

calcium

colour falme test

A

orange - red

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8
Q

copper

colour falme test

A

green/blue

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9
Q

flame test description

A

dip nicrome wire or platimum wire into concentrated HCL
rinse with distilled water (not tap as it contains ions)
place wire on bunsen blue flame to clean
enusre theres no colour onseverd on teh loop
dip wire loop into smaple (if the question mentions a solid salt make sure to dissolve the sample in distilled water before plcaing into bunsen flame)
place wire into the hotest part of teh falme (blue part)
observe colour produced

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10
Q

wooden splints are dipped into distilled water

A

to stop wood burning, easier to pick up the sample, doesnt contain ions that would interefe with teh test

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11
Q

platinum

A

high melting point
expensive
inert

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12
Q

reinforced concrete

A

tenisle and compressive strength

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13
Q

glass

A

transparent
high mp/bp
brittle
not conductor

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14
Q

clay

A

opaque/ waterproof
high mp/bp
malleable/ brittle
not cpnductor

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15
Q

metal

A

opaque and shiny
high mp/bp
malleable
conductor

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16
Q

polymers/ plastic

A

transparent/ opaque
high or low mp
malleable/ brittke
conductor

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17
Q

composite material

A

two or more metls wirh different properties
combined to produce a metaerial with improved properties
most have two components:
- reinforsment (the substance that makes up teh bulk)
- matrix (binds together)
e.g. paper, staple

18
Q

nanotechnology

A

+ large surface to volume ratio: can be powerful catalysts, could cause explosions
- long term effects unknown
- can be health/ enviromental risks

19
Q

particles categories

A
  • coarse
  • fine
  • nano
20
Q

fine

A

100 - 2500 nm

21
Q

1nm

A

1 times 10 - 9 m

22
Q

nano diamiter

A

1-100 nm

23
Q

ataoms and small molecules are

A

100 times smaller than nano

24
Q

silver nanoparticles

A

in clothes and deogerent stop bacteria growing in our sweat

25
Q

why polyesters are condensation polymers

A

in condensation polymerisation a small molecule is formed as a by product each time a bond is formed between two monomers
alchahol and carbocylic acid fuctional group reacts loosing a small molecule - water

26
Q

polyethene

formed

A

addition polymerisation
repeating unit of hydrocarbon
produced from one monomer
produced from ethene/ alkene
only product is formed

27
Q

polyester

A
  • produced by condenstion polymerisation
  • ester linkage
  • produced by two monomers
  • from carbocylic acid and diol/ alchohol
  • also produces water
28
Q

condensation polymerisation has

A

2 functional groups

29
Q

esters made from

A

carbocylic acid and alchahol
- h20

30
Q

polyesters made form

A

dicarbocylic acid (COOH times 2)
diol (2 times OH)
makes 2 watres

31
Q

Explain why this twin sister could be a suitable kidney donor for Person B.

A
32
Q

Describe how dichloroethene monomers form a polymer

A
  • double crabon to carbon bond is broken
  • monomers link together
  • to form a long chain
33
Q

nanoparticles form

A
  • used in suncreen
  • blocks UV light
  • reduces risk of skin cancer as reduces damage to cells
  • no white marks visible

bulk form: ued as white pigment in poaints

34
Q

titanium dioxide

A

is bulk is a white solid
it absorbs harmful UV radiation present in sunlight which may cause skin cancer

35
Q

fullerine

A
  • used in medicence/ drug design
  • more easily absorbed than other particles
  • deliver drugs to areas more effectively
  • usig in electronic circuity
  • coating for artificial limbs
36
Q

silver nanoparticles

A
  • platsers
  • sprayed ojto firbes of medical clothing + surgical masks
  • gives them flexibility of added material
  • antibacterial
37
Q

fridges

A

some have the nonosized silver in coating killing bacteria which could have caused food poisoning

38
Q

risks of nanoparticles

A
  • very small so can pass through the cell mebrane
  • change/ catalyse harmful reactions
  • lots of unknown facrors as its new stages
  • not easlily disposed of
  • passes thorugh lungs easily
39
Q

qualitative

A

investigates the kind of substance present in a sample

40
Q

y are unique tests needed

A

to differentiate from iions if they all give the same result

Chemistry (9 decks)

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