Topic 8B Two Way Species Interactions - Contramensalism: Herbivory & Predation

Question 1

Aposematic colouration

Answer 1

bright and conspicuous coloration displayed by many toxic or distasteful potential prey species.

Question 2

Batesian mimicry

Answer 2

evolution of a non-noxious species to resemble a poisonous or inedible species

Question 3

constitutive defences

Answer 3

chemical or morphological defences that are produced continuously, regardless of whether the organism has been previously attacked

Question 4

consumptive effects of predation

Answer 4

the direct effects of predators on prey populations through the capture and consumption of living prey

Question 5

contramensalism

Answer 5

parasitism and disease. Only part of the prey/host is consumed, harmful, but not necessarily lethal.

Question 6

exploitation

Answer 6

an interaction between species that enhances the fitness of the exploiting individual - the predator, the herbivore, etc - while reducing the fitness of the exploited individual - the prey or host

Question 7

induced defenses

Answer 7

chemical or morphological defences that are produced or enhanced in response to an attack by a predator or herbivore

Question 8

masting

Answer 8

the synchronous production of large quantities of fruits by plants, such as oaks and some grass species

Question 9

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 9

co-mimicry among several species of noxious organisms

Question 10

Non- consumptive effects of predation

Answer 10

changes to prey that result as a consequence of predators being present, including shifts in morphological traits, stress physiology, and altered behaviour

Question 11

overcompensation

Answer 11

increase plant growth following herbivory, compared to growth of plants that did not experience herbivory