Topic 8 - the functionalist view of the family Flashcards
Introduction?
Functionalists view the family as a crucial social structure that holds society together, adapting to the needs of industrial societies. They argue that families socialize children into societal norms and values and help manage the stresses of work and societal pressures. However, this perspective has been criticized for being overly optimistic.
What do functionalists say about families?
The functionalist theory posits that the nuclear family evolved to meet the needs of modern industrial society, known as the “Fit thesis.” Key characteristics include reduced reliance on extended family networks and increased geographical mobility. Talcott Parsons identified two primary functions of the family: the socialization of children and the stabilization of adult personalities. The nuclear family teaches children societal rules and gender roles, with women passing on expressive roles to ensure family welfare.
Murdoch studied various cultures and claimed the nuclear family is universally common, fulfilling four functions: controlling adult sexual behavior, providing economic support for children, reproducing society, and educating family members. Chester (1985) argued that while families seem to have changed, these changes are superficial, introducing the concept of the “neoconventional family,” where both partners work.
Strengths of functionalism as a theory of family?
The main strength of functionalism is its recognition of the family’s importance in organizing society and its central role in social structure. It explains how the family influences behavior, encourages adherence to social rules, and emphasizes the significance of social stability.
Weaknesses of functionalism
Marxism and feminism argue that functionalism overlooks the darker aspects of family life, such as the exploitation of women and the family’s role in reinforcing capitalist ideology. Support for the nuclear family by politicians suggests that other family forms are inferior, influencing New Right social policies. Additionally, much of the functionalist literature on family is theoretical and lacks empirical support.
