Topic 8: Respondent Conditioning Flashcards
Operant Behavior
behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by that consequence
Operant Conditioning
occurs when a behavior in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behavior more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future
Respondent Behaviors
behavior that is elicited by a prior stimulus
an unconditioned response (UR) and a conditioned response (CR) are respondent behaviors because they are elicited by unconditional stimuli (US) and conditioned stimuli (CS), respectively
Respondent Conditioning
a process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
the US elicits an unconditioned response (UR)
as a result of pairing the neutral stimulus with the US, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that will elicit a response similar to the UR, called a conditioned response (CR)
Unconditioned Responses (URs)
the response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
a stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (UR) because the UR has survival value
no prior conditioning is needed for the US to elicit a UR
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
once established in this way, the CS elicits a conditioned response similar to the unconditioned response elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR)
in respondent conditioning, a CR is elicited by a conditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus acquires the power to elicit the CR by its repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus
Trace Conditioning
a type of respondent conditioning stimulus (CS) is presented and then the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented after the termination of the CS
Delay Conditioning
a type of respondent conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is then presented before the termination of the CS
Simultaneous Conditioning
the process in which the unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) are presented at the same time in respondent conditioning trails
Backward Conditioning
a respondent-conditioning procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented before the conditioned stimulus (CS)
this is the least effective type of respondent conditioning procedure
Higher-Order Conditioning
the process by which, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS) a number of times
the neutral stimulus becomes a CS that will elicit the same conditioned response (CR)
Conditioned Emotional Responses (CERs)
a type of conditioned response in which an emotional response such as fear, anger, or happiness is elicited by a conditioned stimulus in the process of respondent conditioning
Respondent Extinction
extinction of a conditioned response (CR)
Spontaneous Recovery
the process in which, when an operant behavior has been extinguished, the behavior may occur again in the future in circumstances in which it was previously reinforced