Topic 8 - Osteoarthritis Flashcards
A disorder that occurs in the synovial joints and results in progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Osteoarthritis (OA) (aka. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), Osteoarthrosis)
With ______________, there is progression of synovial and capsular thickening, ligamentous changes and possible joint effusion. There is eventual bony remodelling and overgrowth at the margins of the joint.
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Radiography of a joint with OA may show decreased joint _____, joint sclerosis or the formation of bone _____ or outgrowths.
Space
Cysts
A bony juxta-articular outgrowth or nodule.
Osteophyte
Conversion of bone into a hard, ivory-like mass.
Eburnation
The bony overgrowth in OA.
Spurring & Lipping
Inflammation of the synovium.
Synovitis
Vertical clefts in the cartilage.
Fissures
Damage to cartilage extending down to subchondral bone.
Fibrillations
______________ is no longer viewed as a prototypical degenerative disease resulting from normal bodily wear and tear, but rather as a multifactorial disorder in which low-grade, chronic inflammation has a central role.
Osteoarthritis
____________ comes into play early in the course of OA, as a result of interactions between the immune system and factors including local tissue damage and metabolic dysfunction.
Inflammation
______________ occurs when normal balances of the joint are disrupted and it develops slowly in response to mechanical stress. This primarily affects weight bearing joints and those involved in __________ use.
Osteoarthritis
Repetitive
OA is the consequence of the body’s lack of appropriate ___________ capabilities not being able to keep up with the stresses placed on it.
Remodelling
T/F - Typical OA occurs in synovial joint’s cartilage and boney tissue is usually involved.
True
With ______________, there is:
- Breakdown of cartilage
- Remodelling of underlying bone
- Formation of ectopic bone
- Hypertrophy of joint capsule
- Inflammation of synovial lining
Osteoarthritis
As OA progresses, the joint may become __________, movement can become severely limited and there may be significant ____.
Malaligned
Pain
Some ________ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Increasing age
- Genetic predisposition
- Nutritional & metabolic irregularities
- Hormonal status (e.g. post-menstural females)
- Bone density
- Inflammation (chronic, comparatively low grade)
- Infection of joints
- Autoimmune conditions
Systemic
Some _____ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Excessive/reduced use of a joint
- Muscle weakness
- Joint deformity (e.g. genu valgum)
- Pre-existing articular disease/pathology or deformity
- Immobilization
Local
Some _________ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Males are affected more commonly at a younger age
- Females are more affected by middle age & older
- Obesity (particular risk for OA of the knee in females)
- Altered biomechanics & repetitive stress (e.g. posture & occupation/recreation)
- Acute trauma to joint/joint-supporting structures (e.g. ligaments, bones)
Extrinsic
The histological findings of OA consist of degenerative changes within the cartilage and ___________ bone. There are changes in water and ____________ content within the cartilage.
Subchondral
Proteoglycan
With OA, the cartilage becomes more _______ and susceptible to mechanical disruption, which promote further abnormal stress on the joint leading to cartilage ____________. As the cartilage wears, the underlying bone becomes ________ and also thickens.
Fragile
Degeneration
Fissured
This stage of OA is where fine flakes of superficial cartilage become loosened and flake off.
Fibrillation
OA becomes quite painful when ________ appear in the cartilage and eventually run through the full thickness of the cartilage.
Fissures
_________ occurs when synovial fluid is forced into small cracks that appear in the bone’s surface, which produces large cysts. At this point, there is loss of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Synovitis
