Topic 8 - Osteoarthritis

Question 1

A disorder that occurs in the synovial joints and results in progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone.

Answer 1

Osteoarthritis (OA) (aka. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), Osteoarthrosis)

Question 2

With ______________, there is progression of synovial and capsular thickening, ligamentous changes and possible joint effusion. There is eventual bony remodelling and overgrowth at the margins of the joint.

Answer 2

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Question 3

Radiography of a joint with OA may show decreased joint _____, joint sclerosis or the formation of bone _____ or outgrowths.

Answer 3

Space
Cysts

Question 4

A bony juxta-articular outgrowth or nodule.

Answer 4

Osteophyte

Question 5

Conversion of bone into a hard, ivory-like mass.

Answer 5

Eburnation

Question 6

The bony overgrowth in OA.

Answer 6

Spurring & Lipping

Question 7

Inflammation of the synovium.

Answer 7

Synovitis

Question 8

Vertical clefts in the cartilage.

Answer 8

Fissures

Question 9

Damage to cartilage extending down to subchondral bone.

Answer 9

Fibrillations

Question 10

______________ is no longer viewed as a prototypical degenerative disease resulting from normal bodily wear and tear, but rather as a multifactorial disorder in which low-grade, chronic inflammation has a central role.

Answer 10

Osteoarthritis

Question 11

____________ comes into play early in the course of OA, as a result of interactions between the immune system and factors including local tissue damage and metabolic dysfunction.

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

______________ occurs when normal balances of the joint are disrupted and it develops slowly in response to mechanical stress. This primarily affects weight bearing joints and those involved in __________ use.

Answer 12

Osteoarthritis
Repetitive

Question 13

OA is the consequence of the body’s lack of appropriate ___________ capabilities not being able to keep up with the stresses placed on it.

Answer 13

Remodelling

Question 14

T/F - Typical OA occurs in synovial joint’s cartilage and boney tissue is usually involved.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

With ______________, there is:
- Breakdown of cartilage
- Remodelling of underlying bone
- Formation of ectopic bone
- Hypertrophy of joint capsule
- Inflammation of synovial lining

Answer 15

Osteoarthritis

Question 16

As OA progresses, the joint may become __________, movement can become severely limited and there may be significant ____.

Answer 16

Malaligned
Pain

Question 17

Some ________ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Increasing age
- Genetic predisposition
- Nutritional & metabolic irregularities
- Hormonal status (e.g. post-menstural females)
- Bone density
- Inflammation (chronic, comparatively low grade)
- Infection of joints
- Autoimmune conditions

Answer 17

Systemic

Question 18

Some _____ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Excessive/reduced use of a joint
- Muscle weakness
- Joint deformity (e.g. genu valgum)
- Pre-existing articular disease/pathology or deformity
- Immobilization

Answer 18

Local

Question 19

Some _________ factors of developing OA / DJD include:
- Males are affected more commonly at a younger age
- Females are more affected by middle age & older
- Obesity (particular risk for OA of the knee in females)
- Altered biomechanics & repetitive stress (e.g. posture & occupation/recreation)
- Acute trauma to joint/joint-supporting structures (e.g. ligaments, bones)

Answer 19

Extrinsic

Question 20

The histological findings of OA consist of degenerative changes within the cartilage and ___________ bone. There are changes in water and ____________ content within the cartilage.

Answer 20

Subchondral
Proteoglycan

Question 21

With OA, the cartilage becomes more _______ and susceptible to mechanical disruption, which promote further abnormal stress on the joint leading to cartilage ____________. As the cartilage wears, the underlying bone becomes ________ and also thickens.

Answer 21

Fragile
Degeneration
Fissured

Question 22

This stage of OA is where fine flakes of superficial cartilage become loosened and flake off.

Answer 22

Fibrillation

Question 23

OA becomes quite painful when ________ appear in the cartilage and eventually run through the full thickness of the cartilage.

Answer 23

Fissures

Question 24

_________ occurs when synovial fluid is forced into small cracks that appear in the bone’s surface, which produces large cysts. At this point, there is loss of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.

Answer 24

Synovitis