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T2 MSK > Topic 7 - Muscle Spasm > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Muscle Spasm Flashcards

1
Q

Under normal circumstances when muscle contracts it is by a _________ effort by the person. The brain initiates the action, a signal is sent to the muscle through the _______ system and muscle contraction occurs.

A

Voluntary
Nervous

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2
Q

An involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that occurs and causes increased tension and pain.

A

Spasm

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3
Q

The pain associated with a _____ results from:
- Ischemia & metabolic imbalance
- Mechanical overload of the muscle & irritation of nociceptors

A

Spasm

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4
Q

If there is the presence of ______ concurrently with spasm, there will be other factors such as:
- Trauma (direct/indirect)
- Pain
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Emotional stress/tension
- Fatigue
- Cold
- Circulatory/metabolic changes
- Immobilization
- Nutritional deficiencies (e.g. dehydration)
- Mechanical stresses & postural adaptations

A

Injury

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5
Q

What is the layperson term for a spasm?

A

Cramp/Stitch

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6
Q

The prolonged contraction of a muscle in response to local circulatory and metabolic changes that occur when a muscle is in a continued state of contraction.

A

Intrinsic Muscle Spasm

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of spasm?

A

1) Intrinsic
2) Protective (aka. Reflex Muscle Guarding, Muscle Splinting)

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8
Q

Pain with _________ muscle spasm is the result of the altered circulatory and metabolic environment, so the muscle contraction becomes self-perpetuating.

A

Intrinsic

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9
Q

Sustained muscle contraction in response to painful stimuli or injury. The primary cause of pain/injury is usually nearby or in the underlying tissues. Occurs primarily to limit movement of the involved tissues in order to protect it from further injury.

A

Protective Muscle Spasm (aka. Reflex Muscle Guarding, Muscle Splinting)

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10
Q

__________ muscle spasm will typically resolve when the underlying cause of the initiating pain is relieved. If the underlying causes has been relieved and the spasm persists, it has become an _________ muscle spasm.

A

Protective
Intrinsic

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11
Q

Possible impairments and findings related to _____ and MRT include:
- Pain
- Swelling/inflammation due to a traumatic mechanism
- Increased palpable and/or observable tension
- Reduced tissue extensibility
- Feeling of stiffness
- Decreased use of associated area
- Reduced joint ROM

A

Spasm

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12
Q

Spasm produces ____ in one of 3 ways:
- Overloading parts of the muscle
- Subjecting nociceptors between active & non-active parts of the muscle to shearing forces
- Through ischemia

A

Pain

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13
Q

In the case of someone describing pain or stiffness in a region, there is likely to be an increase in MRT and the possibility of _____ (in more acute presentations).

A

Spasm

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14
Q

_____ can be:
- More acute or chronic in nature
- Whole muscle or just a segment
- Prominent depending on depth of muscle
- Observable (e.g. quiver) and palpable (e.g. tension, fibrous adhesions)

A

Spasm

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15
Q

T/F - Muscle spasms are normal and will resolve on their own.

A

False - Muscle spasms are NOT normal and will resolve IF THE UNDERLYING CAUSE IS IDENTIFIED AND TREATED.

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16
Q

In the case of a __________ spasm, treatment is not focused on eliminating a spasm, but on reducing it and appropriately treating the underlying cause.

A

Protective

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17
Q

When treating muscle spasms, it is important to identify early ________ changes and other functional adaptations.

A

Postural

18
Q

Muscle spasms can lead to faulty ____________ and movement patterns can lead to decreased movement contributing to pain and injury.

A

Biomechanics

19
Q

Although increased MRT is often ______ in nature or simply due to increased levels of stress or muscular effort, the involved region should be appropriately examined to identify if musculoskeletal ___________ is present.

A

Benign
Dysfunction

20
Q

T/F - MRT is almost never altered in the presence of injury or dysfunction.

A

False - MRT is almost ALWAYS altered in the presence of injury or dysfunction.

21
Q

______ ROM can be reduced by either an increase in MRT or a muscle spasm (likely to be accompanied by pain).

A

Active

22
Q

A spasm is likely to result in a limitation of _______ motion, have an abrupt end feel and is likely to produce pain when the tissue is stressed.

A

Passive

23
Q

T/F - When muscles are in spasm, they may abruptly stop motion before the normal ROM is reached.

A

True

24
Q

Some treatment options for muscle _____ include:
- Hydrotherapy
- Connective tissue techniques (e.g. MFR, frictions)
- Massage

A

Spasm

25
Q

____ applications can be very useful when treating increased MRT because it has a general relaxing effect and softens non-contractile elements of the tissue prior to massage and connective tissue techniques.

A

Heat

26
Q

Heat applications are also useful when treating an _________ spasm and can be effectively utilized both prior to and following hands on soft tissue manipulation.

A

Intrinsic

27
Q

____ applications are useful when trying to interrupt the pain-spasm cycle because it has an analgesic effect that can reduce pain perception and reduce muscle spasm.

A

Cold

28
Q

In the case of a __________ spasm, only cold applications should be considered.

A

Protective

29
Q

These techniques are useful when treating MRT that has a connective tissue component involved. Reduced extensibility/mobility of the connective tissues will contribute to increased MRT.

A

Connective Tissue Techniques

30
Q

___________ massage techniques can help with reducing pain and muscle tension when they are applied for longer periods of time. _____________ techniques such as petrissage, muscle stripping and compression are useful when trying to reduce MRT.

A

Superficial
Neuromuscular

31
Q

When massage is used to treat muscle spasm, superficial techniques are best applied to an _____ spasm. As it begins to reduce, more assertive petrissage may be applied progressively.

A

Acute

32
Q

T/F - A muscle in acute spasm should never be forcefully stretched because it introduces a high risk of muscle tear.

A

True

33
Q

As a spasm reduces, gentle __________ can be introduced and eventually progressed.

A

Stretching

34
Q

What are 4 specific techniques for muscle spasm?

A

1) Reciprocal Inhibition
2) Golgi Tendon Organ
3) Origin Insertion
4) Muscle Approximation

35
Q

This techniques is useful when attempting to reduce muscle spasm or gain ROM at a joint. It relies on the principle that when the muscle on one side of a joint is working to produce a movement, the muscle on the opposite side of the joint are neurologically inhibited.

A

Reciprocal Inhibition

36
Q

The following sequence describes how __________ __________ can be used:
- Target muscle is taken to the restrictive/pathological barrier
- 7-10 sec contraction of the antagonist muscle group at about 20% effort
- After relaxation period, increase length to next barrier

A

Reciprocal Inhibition

37
Q

This technique can be used to help reduce muscle spasm or resting tension. The therapist it attempting to take advantage of a response that monitors the amount of tension a tendon is under and the nervous system causes the involved muscle to relax when it perceives an excessive amount of tension.

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

38
Q

By applying further tension to a tendon by bowing or deforming it, the therapist is attempting to take advantage of the _____ ______ _____ response.

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

39
Q

To apply the _____ ______ _____ technique:
- Locate the tendon of the involved muscle
- Increase tension on the tendon by applying specific compression as close to the MTJ as possible
- Hold for 30-60 sec and monitor for muscle relaxation

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

40
Q

This technique uses specific compression and cross fibre petrissage along the attachments of a muscle. It is best suited for flat tendons and muscles that don’t have a distinct and obvious tendon.

A

Origin Insertion

41
Q

This technique attempts tor educe tension on the muscle spindle, which monitors the amount of tension in a muscle and causes it to contract as a protective mechanism.

A

Muscle Approximation

42
Q

To apply the ______ _____________ technique:
- Two ends of the muscle are passively brought closer together
- Muscle is held in passively shortened position for 30 sec
- Muscle is then slowly released and allowed to return to it’s normal position

A

Muscle Approximation

T2 MSK (12 decks)

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