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T2 MSK > Topic 1 - Muscle Resting Tension > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Muscle Resting Tension Flashcards

1
Q

Massage techniques have a number of ________, all are not relevant for every patient or circumstance.

A

Outcomes

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2
Q

We can use massage techniques that relate to both ___________ and wellness goals.

A

Impairments

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3
Q

We can structure our massage to produce some ________ and not others. We can measure these in various ways.

A

Outcomes

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4
Q

We must determine through our intake, assessment and tissue response what the most appropriate ______ of ______ is to treat our patients.

A

Course of Action

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5
Q

Fill in the blanks related to layer palpation of soft tissue (from superficial to deep):
1) _____
2) Adipose Tissue
3) ___________ Fascia
4) Adipose Tissue
5) _____ Fascia
6) _________
7) Muscle

A

1) Skin
2) Adipose Tissue
3) Superficial Fascia
4) Adipose Tissue
5) Deep Fascia
6) Epimysium
7) Muscle

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6
Q

What are 4 characteristics that can help us differentiate between the layers of soft tissue when palpating?

A

1) Hardness
2) Density
3) Texture
4) Mobility

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7
Q

The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force, causing the structure to which they are attached to move.

A

Contractibility

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8
Q

The capacity to respond to stimulus, which is normally from nerves that we consciously control.

A

Excitability

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9
Q

The ability of a muscle and its associated fascia to undergo lengthening deformation during the movement of a joint through its anatomic range.

A

Extensibility

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10
Q

T/F - After contraction, skeletal muscles can be stretched to the normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree.

A

True

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11
Q

The ability of skeletal muscle to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.

A

Elasticity

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12
Q

Showing both viscous, plastic and elastic behaviour.

A

Viscoelasticity

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13
Q

For a ____________ stretch, some of the length that the tissue gains during the stretch will remain when one releases the tensile force.

A

Viscoelastic

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14
Q

Some functions of skeletal muscle include:
- Produce ______ and maintain body position
- ____ production
- Support _______ and protect internal organs
- Create sphincters that allow for orifices to open and close

A

Motion
Heat
Viscera

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15
Q

A type of contraction in which the tension generated is insufficient to overcome the external load on the muscle and the muscle fibres lengthen as they contract.

A

Eccentric Contraction

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16
Q

A type of contraction in which the tension in the muscle remains constant despite a change in muscle length.

A

Isotonic Contraction

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17
Q

A type of contraction in which muscle tension is sufficient to overcome the load and the muscle shortens as it contracts.

A

Concentric Contraction

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18
Q

The extent to which a muscle conforms to the expected anatomical and biological norms.

A

Muscle Integrity

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19
Q

The resting tension and responsiveness of muscle to passive elongation or stretch.

A

Muscle Tone

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20
Q

Force generated by muscle contraction.

A

Muscle Power

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21
Q

Ability to sustain a contraction over time.

A

Muscle Endurance

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22
Q

Ease of movement and ROM of the joints.

A

Mobility

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23
Q

Maintenance of structural integrity of the joints.

A

Stability

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24
Q

Tissue that supports, protects and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body. It stores fat, helps move nutrients and other substances between tissues/organs and helps repair damaged tissue. Made up of cells, fibres and a gel-like substance.

A

Connective Tissue

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25
Q

Types of __________ tissue include:
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Fat
- Blood
- Lymphatic tissue

A

Connective

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26
Q

A band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches to, stabilizes, encloses and separates muscles and other internal organs. Classified by layer, function and/or anatomical location.

A

Fascia

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27
Q

Superficial, deep and visceral/parietal are 3 types of ______.

A

Fascia

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28
Q

T/F - All connective tissue is fascia, but not all fascia is connective tissue.

A

False - All FASCIA is CONNECTIVE TISSUE, but not all CONNECTIVE TISSUE is FASCIA.

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29
Q

A loss or abnormality of the affected individual’s body structures or functions that occurs as a result of the initial or subsequent pathophysiology. Something is not acting like we would expect it to.

A

Impairment

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30
Q

___________ can be psychological, physiological and/or anatomical in nature.

A

Impairments

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31
Q

The various anatomic structures and systems of the body.

A

Body Structures

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32
Q

The physiologic functions of anatomic systems, such as support viscera or maintain posture.

A

Body Functions

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33
Q

___________ are often the product of an injury, poor posture, a medical condition/pathology and/or stress.

A

Impairments

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34
Q

Impairments can be from an ________ or _________ onset.

A

Immediate
Insidious

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35
Q

Taking into consideration the whole person, including things like their psychological state, level of stress and support systems.

A

Biopsychosocial Model

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36
Q

When developing a _________ ____, it is essential that the therapist is able to identify the relevant impairments that cause or contribute to a patient’s complaint.

A

Treatment Plan

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37
Q

A massage is ________ to the patient’s individual presentation, thus avoids delivering a generic treatment protocol that is unlikely to meet the needs of your patient.

A

Specific

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38
Q

Results from a complex interaction between contractile and biomechanical contributors.

A

Muscle Resting Tension (MRT)

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39
Q

What are the 4 biomechanical contributors of muscle resting tension?

A

1) Water
2) Connective Tissue
3) Myofibril
4) Adipose

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40
Q

What are the 3 contractile contributors of muscle resting tension?

A

1) Spasm
2) Trigger Points
3) Unnecessary Muscle Tension

41
Q

A biomechanical contributor of muscle resting tension contained in associated vessels and in the interstitium, restrained in compartments formed by connective tissue.

A

Water

42
Q

A biomechanical contributor of muscle resting tension within the muscle that clinicians can palpate, such as fascia and scars.

A

Connective Tissue

43
Q

A biomechanical contributor of muscle resting tension that is technically controlled by the nervous system. Provide very little resistance to palpation when not contracting.

A

Myofibril

44
Q

A biomechanical contributor of muscle resting tension that gives little resistance to pressure during palpation.

A

Adipose

45
Q

Contractile contributors all involve _________ shortening, which has been referred to as active tone or _____________.

A

Myofibril
Hypertonicity

46
Q

T/F - Healthy muscles should exhibit little active tone at rest.

A

True

47
Q

A contractile contributor of muscle resting tension that is an involuntary contraction of a muscle resulting in increased muscular tension and possible shortness that cannot be released voluntarily.

A

Muscle Spasm

48
Q

Some reasons for ______ _____ pain include:
- Ischemia
- Metabolic imbalance
- Mechanical overload of muscle & nociceptors

A

Muscle Spasm

49
Q

A contractile contributor of muscle resting tension that may be considered a form of neuromuscular dysfunction, consisting of soft-tissue and sensory abnormalities that involve both the PNS & CNS.

A

Myofascial Trigger Points

50
Q

A contractile contributor of muscle resting tension that is unwitting muscular contraction under voluntary control. It is common with situational stress or when injury is present.

A

Unnecessary Muscle Tension

51
Q

T/F - A person can relax an unnecessarily tensed muscle if they are made aware of it.

A

True

52
Q

A more encompassing name as it includes the non-contractile components as well as the contractile components and nervous system.

A

Tissue Resting Tension

53
Q

Refers to the passive tonus or tension of skeletal muscle that comes from its intrinsic molecular viscoelastic properties. It is intrinsic viscoelastic tension within the body’s kinematic chains.

A

Myofascial Tone (aka. Resting Skeletal Muscle Tone)

54
Q

T/F - Myofascial tone functions separately from fascial tissues and ligamentous structures and is part of the networks of tensional tissues.

A

False - Myofascial tone functions INSEPARABLY from fascial tissues and ligamentous structures and is part of the networks of tensional tissues.

55
Q

A diagnostic tool for evaluating the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.

A

Electromyography (EMG)

56
Q

The CNS-independent component resulting from intrinsic molecular interactions of the actin & myosin filaments in sarcomeric units of skeletal muscle and myofibroblast cells. Refers to the tension in parallel elastic component.

A

Passive Tension

57
Q

T/F - Myofascial tone is not considered active tone.

A

True

58
Q

___________ of the body will alter the muscle resting tension. MRT varies greatly from person to person, muscle to muscle and in an individual muscle depending on a persons state of ______ or ________ health.

A

Impairments
Mental
Physical

59
Q

The following are results of increased ______ _______ tension:
- Stiffness
- Hypomobility
- Pain
- Alterations in level of function

A

Muscle Resting

60
Q

The vital low-level, passive tension and resistance to stretch that contributes importantly to maintain postural stability in balanced equilibrium positions.

A

Postural Tone

61
Q

T/F - Good posture should not require much muscular effort.

A

True

62
Q

The tension developed by the contractile element, initiated by cross bridge formation and movement of thin and thick filaments.

A

Active Tension

63
Q

A common musculoskeletal impairment that can be caused by scarring, fascial restrictions, abnormal connective tissue density, joint capsule restrictions, inflammation, strains, trigger points, muscle spasm, edema and/or swelling.

A

Tissue/Joint Mobility & Joint Integrity Issues

64
Q

A common musculoskeletal impairment that can be caused by impairments of strength, power and endurance.

A

Muscle Function/Performance Issues

65
Q

A common musculoskeletal impairment that can be caused by holding patterns and spasm.

A

Elevated Muscle Resting Tension

66
Q

A common musculoskeletal impairment that has to do with ________ changes.

A

Postural

67
Q

A decrease in mobility/movement (restricted motion) of a joint or body part. Reduced range of motion can be the result of impairments of the soft tissue and joints.

A

Hypomobility

68
Q

An increase in mobility/movement of a joint. Increased range of motion can be the result of impairments of the soft tissue and joints.

A

Hypermobility

69
Q

Usually the results of brain lesions (upper motor neuron), brainstem lesions and/or and basil ganglia lesions (e.g. Parkinson’s).

A

Hypertonicity

70
Q

When soft tissue dysfunction is present, they can be located anywhere between the normal physiological ________, can limit the available _____ of motion and can change the _______ of movement.

A

Barriers
Range
Quality

71
Q

T/F - Apprehension does not limit movement.

A

False - Apprehension CAN also limit movement.

72
Q

What are 3 ways therapists can examine and assess muscle resting tension?

A

1) Palpation
2) Range of Motion
3) Visual Observation

73
Q

The therapist generally palpates __________ into the tissue at various ______ and makes a judgement on the quality of the tissue.

A

Vertically
Depths

74
Q

Some things to consider during tissue _________ include:
- Stiffness/Firmness
- Density
- Deformability
- Volume

A

Palpation

75
Q

The degree of resistance when palpating the tissue.

A

Stiffness/Firmness

76
Q

The degree of compactness of a substance. It helps us to determine the type of tissue we are on.

A

Density

77
Q

The change of shape of a tissue or structure when it is subjected to pressure.

A

Deformability

78
Q

The amount of space occupied by an object measured in three dimensions.

A

Volume

79
Q

T/F - Changing a muscle’s position from shortened to lengthened results in decreased fluid pressure within the muscle, which changes the tone of the muscle.

A

False - Changing a muscle’s position from shortened to lengthened results in INCREASED fluid pressure within the muscle, which changes the tone of the muscle.

80
Q

T/F - Consistency of interrater reliability of palpation is not found.

A

True

81
Q

T/F - Massage can produce slow changes in MRT.

A

False - Massage can produce RAPID changes in MRT.

82
Q

Findings will show increased or decreased movement, and it may also show change in the expected function of the structure being assessed.

A

Range of Motion

83
Q

Will include changes in contour, bulk and holding patterns of the structure being assessed.

A

Visual Observation

84
Q

Some steps we can take to treat elevated ______ _______ tension include:
- Determine the causes
- Assess using palpation
- Treat using appropriate techniques (e.g. neuromuscular)
- Engage tissues you wish to change
- Create a general sedative effect

A

Muscle Resting

85
Q

Some possible ___________/findings having to do with elevated MRT include:
- Increased palpable/observable tension
- Reduced tissue extensibility
- Feeling of stiffness
- Decreased use of associated area
- Compensatory changes
- Reduced joint ROM
- Postural changes
- Pain

A

Impairments

86
Q

Some __________ that may be contributing to pain and movement issues related to MRT include:
- Inflammation
- Mechanical overload of the muscle & irritation of nociceptors
- Ischemia, metabolic imbalance & microcirculation changes
- Referral & trigger points
- Spasm
- Anxiety & emotional stress
- Chronic pain

A

Mechanisms

87
Q

Some _____ of treatment for student clinic include:
- Normalize resting muscle tension
- Decrease/eliminate holding patterns
- Increase extensibility/movability of tissue
- Decrease trigger points
- Increase joint mobility
- Increase joint integrity
- Increase feelings of relaxation
- Increase body awareness

A

Goals

88
Q

T/F - The initial aim of treating unnecessary muscle tension is to increase the client’s awareness of it.

A

True

89
Q

_______ movement techniques often assist the client in releasing unnecessary muscle tension.

A

Passive

90
Q

_______ tension can be reduced using various massage techniques once the client has released unnecessary muscle tension.

A

Resting

91
Q

___________ techniques can help reduce pain and tension when applied for long periods of time.

A

Superficial

92
Q

_____________ techniques are most useful when attempting to reduce MRT and you must contact the tissue you are trying to affect.

A

Neuromuscular

93
Q

T/F - Myofascial release, direct myofascial and frictions are all neuromuscular techniques.

A

False - Myofascial release, direct myofascial, and frictions are all connective tissue techniques.

94
Q

__________ ______ techniques are useful to gain mobility of connective tissue and can be applied as superficial or deep.

A

Connective Tissue

95
Q

Heat, stretching and progressive relaxation are considered _____________ modalities for treating MRT.

A

Complementary

96
Q

Not concerned specifically with addressing impairments, but balancing of the mind, body and spirit, as well as improving the client’s self-perception of their well being.

A

Wellness Interventions

97
Q

Often if the tight antagonist is _________, the weak and inhibited muscle spontaneously increases in ________.

A

Stretched
Strength

98
Q

Some general ________ goals for student clinic include:
- Optimize functioning of any body part/system
- Prevention of injury
- Improved body awareness
- Enhanced mental focus
- Enhanced ability to deal with stress
- Self-nurturing
- Increased energy
- Improved sleep
- Improved ADLS
- Enhanced well-being
- Increased relaxation
- Improved coping skills

A

Wellness

T2 MSK (12 decks)

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