Topic 8 - Intelligence Flashcards
Define intelligence.
The application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems and obtain ends that are valued by an individual or culture.
What is the evolutionary perspective of intelligence?
intelligent behaviour solves problems of adaptation, and hence facilitates survival and reproduction.
What is the cognitive perspective of intelligence?
intelligence is applied cognition, that is the use of cognitive skills to solve problems or obtain desired ends.
What are psychometric instruments?
tests that quantify psychological attributes such as personality traits or intellectual abilities.
What is Binet’s scale?
What is the primary attribute of the scale?
An intelligence test designed to identify children who didn’t learn from regular classroom instruction.
Gave a mental age = the average age at which children can be expected to achieve a particular score.
What is IQ?
A score meant to quantify intellectual functioning to allow comparison among individuals
How is IQ calculated?
IQ=(MA/CA)x100
What are 3 important things about the Weschler intelligence scales?
- Aimed to circumvent the problem of IQ tests being biased toward english speakers.
- Changed IQ calculation by abandoning MA as it was not accurate with advancing age.
- Used a frequency distribution
Define intellectual disability.
significantly below average general intellectual functioning (IQ less than 70) with deficits in adaptive functioning that are first evident in childhood and appear in more than one realm.
What is a strategy used to measure creativity and what is it?
Divergent thinking: the ability to generate multiple possibilities in a given situation, such as describing all the possible uses of a paper clip.
Define validity.
The ability of the test to assess the construct it was designed to measure.
Define reliability.
Refers to a measures ability to produce consistent results.
What are two prominent criticisms of intelligence testing?
Lack of theoretical basis - provides little insight into the kind of intelligence required in achieving goals in everyday life.
Cultural bias - biassed toward western thinking
What are culture free vs culture fair tests?
Culture free tests: were designed to eliminate cultural differences that could impact performance.
Culture fair tests: were designed to measure skills and knowledge common across cultures.
What is a psychometric approach and the primary tool?
Examines which intellectual abilities tend to correlate statistically with one another.
Factor analysis
What is factor analysis?
a statistical procedure for identifying common elements or factors that underlie performance across a variety of tasks.
What is Spearmans two-factor theory?
It proposed a two factor theory of intelligence.
General intelligence (g factor)
Specific intelligence (s-factor)
What is the three stratum theory?
differentiates cognitive abilities into three stratum, representing narrow, broad and general cognitive abilities.
In addition to Spearman’s theory, what is another model of intelligence with two overarching types of intelligence?
Gf-Gc theory
Fluid intelligence: intellectual capacities that have no specific content but are used in processing information
Crystallised intelligence: people’s storage of knowledge
What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?
Identifies three types of intelligence: analytical, creative and practical
Intelligence is related to the successful interaction among the 3 types of intelligence.
What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
Lists 8 forms of intelligence
Musical, bodily/kinaesthetic, spatial, linguistic, logical/mathematical, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalistic
