Topic 8 Genetic Mutation Flashcards
What is the definition of Genetic mutation?
The change in nucleotide sequences of gene or genome by natural or artificial means that result in change physical characteristics
What are the 2 cell types of mutation?
1) Germ Line mutation
2) Somatic Mutation
What is germ line mutation?
it is the changes in the DNA sequence of Gametes and is pass on to offspring
What is Somatic Mutation?
it is the changes in the DNA sequence of body cells and it manifest in the body. ( causes cancer)
what are 4 possible results of mutation?
1) Neutral condition/ No effect
2) Malfunction/ loss or gain function
3) Diseases/Disorders
4) Lethal effects
What are the 6 causes of mutation?
1) Error in DNA replication
2) Error in Cell Cycle Checkpoints
3) Error in DNA repair mechanism
4) Exposure to Radiation, Heavy Metals or Chemicals
5) Organisms like Pathogens and bacteria
6) Non-living things like viruses
What are the 3 Main types of Mutation?
1) Point mutation
2) Frameshift mutation
3) Exon skipping
What is Point Mutation?
it is the replacement/change in a single pair of nucleotide
What is Frameshift Mutation?
it is the insertion or deletion of 1 or more pairs of nucleotide
What is Exon Skipping?
it is the mutation of splicing acceptor sites DNA sequence which than causes undesired splicing of the exons
What is the meaning of denaturation?
it means lost of function
What are the 3 types of point mutation?
1) Silent Mutation
2) Missense
3) Nonsense
What is silent mutation?
it is when the nucleotide pair changes but does not change the protein codon and causes no change in function of the protein
What is missense?
it is when a nucleotide pair change and also changes the amino acid to another random one. (can have very serious consequences)
What is nonsense?
it is when the nucleotide pair change and affect the stop codons by either stopping it prematurely or making it go on longer.
