Topic 7 Mendels Flashcards
What are the 3 Medel’s Law?
1) Law of Dominance
2) Law of Segregation
3) Law of Independent Assortment
What is a Genotype?
It is the Genes present in that organism
What is a Phenotype?
It is the Physical traits that are express in that organism
What is Mendel’s law of Dominance?
It States that in a heterozygous genotype only the dominant trait will be expressed and the recessive trait will be concealed
What is Mendel’s law of Segregation?
It states that during meiosis the 2 alleles that are on the chromosome separate during the formation of gametes and recombined with one from each parent during fertilization.
What is Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment?
It States that Alleles from different traits (e.g.. eye color and hair color) are distributed to the gametes independently from one another meaning one trait wont affect the distribution of another trait
What is the difference between homologous chromosome and sister chromatids?
Homologous chromosomes are basically 2 chromosomes that are similar to each other but not identical
Sister chromatids is 1 chromosomes where one end of the x is identical to the other end of the x
What are the 4 patterns of Inheritance?
1) Recessive: Traits can skip 1 generation
2) Dominant: Pure traits are present in all generations
3) Autosomal: traits are carried on the autosomes
4) Sex linked: traits that are carried on the X chromosome
Why are males more prone to express sex linked disorders?
Because sex linked disorders are usually caused by the x chromosomes and males have x and y hence it will have to express the gene. females on the other hand have 2 x chromosomes and have a chance of not expressing the affected chromosome.
What are genetic disorders usually caused by?
They are usually caused by autosomal recessive alleles however in rare cases there are some that are caused by autosomal dominant alleles
what are sex linked disorders usually caused by?
recessive alleles
How do you identify a Autosomal recessive disorder?
1) Carriers (Aa) have 25% of affected child
2) 2 Pure recessive parents will make all offspring affected
3) it can skip 1 generation if all offspring are carriers
4) 1 pure recessive and 1 pure dominant will make all offspring carriers
5) 1 pure recessive and 1 carrier has 50% chance of making affected offspring
How do you identify a Autosomal Dominant Disorder?
1) it will appear in all generation if its a carrier
2) requires 2 pure recessive to produce unaffected offspring
3) pure dominant will make all offspring affected
