Topic 8 Fuels and Earth science

Question 1

1 What are the chemical symbols for the elements carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 1

C; H

Question 2

3 What state (solid, liquid or gas) is crude oil at room temperature?

Answer 2

liquid

Question 3

8 How many years hundreds, thousands or millions does it take for crude oil to form?

Answer 3

millions

Question 4

11 Name the two elements found in hydrocarbons.

Answer 4

carbon; hydrogen

Question 5

12 Crude oil is forming extremely slowly. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?

Answer 5

finite

Question 6

13 Petrol comes from crude oil. Give one use for petrol.

Answer 6

fuel for cars

Question 7

14 Name the main hydrocarbon found in natural gas.

Answer 7

methane

Question 8

15 Diesel oil is being used up faster than crude oil forms. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?

Answer 8

non-renewable

Question 9

16 Name the polymer formed from ethene, which comes from crude oil.

Answer 9

polyethene

Question 10

21 Give one typical use of fuel oil.

Answer 10

fuel for large ships/fuel for some power stations

Question 11

26 What process is used to separate crude oil into useful mixtures?

Answer 11

fractional distillation

Question 12

28 Which fraction is more easily ignited, bitumen or kerosene?

Answer 12

kerosene

Question 13

29 Which fraction is more viscous, bitumen or kerosene?

Answer 13

bitumen

Question 14

32 What is the most abundant element in air?

Answer 14

nitrogen/N₂

Question 15

33 Which gas reacts with hydrocarbons when they burn?

Answer 15

oxygen/O₂

Question 16

34 Name one fossil fuel used in cars.

Answer 16

petrol/diesel oil

Question 17

35 Name a gas produced when carbon burns.

Answer 17

carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide

Question 18

36 What compound forms when hydrogen burns in air?

Answer 18

water

Question 19

38 To get a roaring blue Bunsen burner flame, do you open or close the air hole?

Answer 19

open it

Question 20

41 What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?

Answer 20

carbon dioxide; water

Question 21

42 Which gas is produced during incomplete combustion, but not complete combustion, of hydrocarbon fuels?

Answer 21

carbon monoxide

Question 22

43 What solid element is produced during the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?

Answer 22

carbon

Question 23

55 Name the homologous series to which ethane belongs.

Answer 23

alkanes

Question 24

57 What type of rain forms when sulfur dioxide, from some hydrocarbon fuels, dissolves in rainwater?

Answer 24

acid

Question 25

58 Name the greenhouse gas released when any hydrocarbon fuel burns.

Answer 25

carbon dioxide

Question 26

61 Which common compound of carbon and oxygen is thought to have been an abundant gas in Earths early atmosphere?

Answer 26

carbon dioxide

Question 27

63 Name the biological process that increases oxygen levels and reduces carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

Answer 27

photosynthesis

Question 28

71 Where were the gases that formed the Earths early atmosphere released from?

Answer 28

volcanoes

Question 29

72 What two compounds are thought to have formed most of the Earths early atmosphere?

Answer 29

water, carbon dioxide

Question 30

73 What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 30

turns limewater milky/cloudy

Question 31

75 Which element that makes up about 21% of the atmosphere of Earth today was not thought to be present in the atmosphere 4.5 billion years ago?

Answer 31

oxygen

Question 32

77 What gas given out by volcanoes is thought to have condensed to form oceans?

Answer 32

water vapour

Question 33

79 What process in plants releases oxygen?

Answer 33

photosynthesis

Question 34

80 What is the chemical test for oxygen?

Answer 34

relights a glowing splint

Question 35

87 Photosynthesis affects the concentrations of two gases in the atmosphere - carbon dioxide, and what other gas?

Answer 35

oxygen

Question 36

89 Certain gases in the atmosphere keep the Earth warm. What is this effect called?

Answer 36

greenhouse effect

Question 37

90 Give the name of one of the most common greenhouse gases.

Answer 37

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

Question 38

96 What word beginning with c describes the way in which two variables appear to be linked because they show similar patterns of change?

Answer 38

correlation

Question 39

99 What type of human activity has mainly increased the level of greenhouse gases since 1750?

Answer 39

burning fossil fuels