Topic 8 Fuels And Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is a crude oil

A

A non renewable resource

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2
Q

What are most the compounds in crude oil

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compounds that contain ONLY carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

Process of seperating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms

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5
Q

What are hydrocarbons with few carbon atoms called

A

Short chain hydrocarbons

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6
Q

What are the stages of fravtional distillation

A

. Crude oil enters condensation chamber
. Compound heats up and the hot vapour rises
. Vapour condenses as the compounds go up the chsmber
. Vapour turns into liquid at boilimg point and leaves the chamber at different trays as different compounds have differeny boiling points

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7
Q

In the homologous series what happens when the carbon chains get longer

A

The boiling point increases

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8
Q

What are the hydrocarbons properties

A

Flammability - hydrocarbons with longer chains are less flammable
Boiling point - longer chains have higher boiling point
Viscosity - longer chains have higher viscosity

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9
Q

What is cracking

A

The process that breaks down long chain hydrocarbons into shorter chain molecules that are more usefull.
Example of thermal decomposition reaction

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10
Q

In what 2 ways can cracking be done

A

Catalytic cracking

Steam cracking

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11
Q

How does catalytic cracking work

A

Vapourised heavy hydrocarbons are passed over the top of a heated catalyst
Alkanes amd alkenes are produced by this reaction

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12
Q

How does steam cracking work

A

Vapourised heavy hydrocarbons are mixed with steam in a high temperature environment.

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13
Q

What does the combustion of hydrocarbons depend on

A

The amount of oxygen that is available

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14
Q

What happens when alkanes are burned without enough oxygen

A

Carbpn monoxide can be created

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15
Q

What are problems with incomplete combustion

A

Carbon monoxide

Soot build up

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16
Q

How are nitrogen oxides formed

A

When hydrocarbons are burned in a small space then the high temperatures can cause nitrogen and oxygen to react

17
Q

What are advantages of hydogen fuel cells instead of petrol

A

Only waste product is water so no green house gasses are emitted

18
Q

Disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells instead of petrol

A

Has to be stored at high pressure
Can be explosive
Not many places to refuel

19
Q

What does acid rain cause

A

steel corrosion, the weathering of buildings and statues, and the death of insects, plants, and aquatic organisms.