Topic 7 Groups, Rate And Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What must happen for a chemical reaction to happen

A

Particles must collide with enough energy

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2
Q

What is the activation energy

A

Minimum energy with which particles must collide in order to cause a chemical reaction

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3
Q

How can we increase the rate of reaction

A

Increasingthe frequency of successful collisions

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4
Q

What are the main factors affecting reaction rates

A

Temperate
Concentration
Pressure (for gasses)
Surface area

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5
Q

What are substances that increase a chemical reactions rate

A

Catalysts

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6
Q

How do catalysts increase rate of reaction

A

They lower the activation energy and they do this by changing the reaction pathway

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7
Q

What are examples of catalysts

A

Iron - used in process that makes ammonia

Enzymes catalyse reactions in biological systems

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8
Q

Why are faster reactions often better

A

They yield more product in a given time

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9
Q

What is the test for measuring gas production ( rate of reaction)

A

Make sure measuring cyclinder is full with water
Place in a known mass of marble chips

Pour in a known concentration and excess volume of acid.

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10
Q

What is the independant variable in the test for gas

A

The surface area of marble chips

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11
Q

What is the dependant variable in the gas test

A

Volume of gas produced every 5 seconds

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12
Q

What are some drawbacks of fast chemical reactions

A

Safety concerns and cost

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13
Q

When do energy changes happen

A

When chemical reactions take place

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14
Q

When do changes in heat energy happen

A

Neutralisation reaction
Precipitation reactions
Salt dissolving in water
Displacement reaction

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15
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

The reaction between an acid and a base

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16
Q

What is a precipitation reaction

A

When two solutions react to make an insoluble salt

17
Q

What happens when salt dissolves in water

A

Ionic bonds in a salt break so the ions become more mobile in solution

18
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

When a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal.

19
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

Where energy from the reacting chemicals is transferred to the surroundings which often leads to an increase in temperature

20
Q

What are some examples of exothermic reactions

A

Hand warmers
Oxidation
Combustion
Neutralisation

21
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

Energy from the surroundings is transferred to the reacting chemicals which decreases the temperature

22
Q

What are examples of endothermic reactions

A

Citric acid + baking soda
Thermal decomposition
Sports injurt pack

23
Q

What kind of reaction is bond making

A

Exothermic

24
Q

What kind of reaction is bond breaking

A

Endothermic

25
Q

On a graph how do you know the reactuon is exothermic

A

When the reactants has more energy than the products