Topic 8: Exchange And Transport In Animals

Question 1

What is the formula for respiration?

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen -> water + co2 + energy

Question 2

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Glucose + lactic acid + energy

Question 3

How do you get rid of lactic acid build up after anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

To take in more oxygen to replace your oxygen debt

Question 4

What is the equation for rate of reaction?

Answer 4

Volume produced/time taken

Question 5

Why can bacteria rely on diffusion to get oxygen but animals can’t?

Answer 5

Because they have a high surface area:volume ratio due to having a very small volume but animals can’t cuz they have a larger volume but a relatively small surface area

Question 6

What is the name of the wind pipe which takes air from the mouth to the lungs

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

What is the epithelium?

Answer 7

The lining of the alveoli

Question 8

What in increases when the gradient between concentrations of gasses steepens?

Answer 8

The rate of diffusion

Question 9

Why do enzymes work better at higher temperatures?

Answer 9

because they have more KE and therefore for move quicker so the substrate and enzymes active site have more collisions. this makes the reaction happen quicker
when your body is hotter as glucose and oxygen will react quicker.

Question 10

How do we over come our low surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 10

Have lungs filled with alveoli which dramatically increase our surface area.

Question 11

What about alveoli helps to speed up diffusion in the lungs?

Answer 11

-really thin squamous epithelium (thin squashed outer cell)
so that there is less distance that the gas has to exchange

-constant ventilation of oxygen replacing the co2 to keep the gradient steep from the oxygen rich alveoli to the oxygen poor capillaries because of the oxygenated blood constantly moving away

Question 12

Which way do arteries take blood?

Answer 12

Away from the heart

Question 13

How are arteries adapted for its function?

Answer 13

• thick muscular walls to carry blood at high pressure after being pumped out of the heart
• narrow lumen (middle bit) to maintain high pressure

Question 14

What are platelets?

Answer 14

a part of blood which helps it clot when you have a cut

Question 15

Why is left side of the heart thicker?

Answer 15

Because it is the side which blood exits the heart to the rest of the body and has to travel a greater distance so it needs to be pumped stronger and at a higher pressure.

Question 16

How does the heart prevent backflow of blood?

Answer 16

Uses valves which only open one way

Question 17

How are the alveoli constantly ventilated and how does it speed up the gas exchange?

Answer 17

Blood arriving in the alveoli has a higher carbon dioxide concentration which is produced during respiration by the body’s cells than the alveoli meaning CO2 can easily travel down the concentration gradient into the alveoli.
Similarly, blood arriving in the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration (as it has been used for respiration by the body’s cells), while the air in the alveoli has a higher oxygen concentration. Therefore, oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion and combines with the haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.