Topic 8: Coordinating Cell Activities Flashcards
Describe the pathway of a secretory protein, such as mucin and insulin, will take through the cell.
A secretory protein is synthesized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum, where they are folded and then are transported in a vesicle to the Golgi Apparatus.The protein enters in the cis face part of the Golgi apparatus, where they are assigned their role and are packaged and exit through the trans face.
The protein now can either be deposited in cell organelles or fuse in the plasma membrane and exit the cell.
Describe the cytoskeleton and its components.
The cytoskeleton is composed of protein fibers and make up the cytoplasm.
The three components are:
Intermediate filaments - surround the almost the edge of the cell and hold organelles in place and the nucleus.
Microfilaments - made up of actin and provide a rigid shape for the cell and resist tension.
Microtubules - maintain the cells shape and provide a track for vesicles.
What are the four types of intracellular junction and their function.
Four types of intracellular junctions are:
Plasmodesmata: They are found in plant cells. Both plant cells attach through a change and are able to pass information.
Tight junctions: Animal cells are tightly held together. Proteins named Claudia and Occludins worth to attach two cells. The proteins line up and attach like magnets to the other cell preventing leakage.
Desmosomes: Animal cells are connected together as proteins name cadherins placed in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments.
Gap junctions: As six proteins attach to one another forming a connexon. They attach to other cells forming a channel where they allow transportation for ions and nutrients.
What are cilia and flagella? How do they relate to the cytoskeleton?
Flagella: extend from the plasma membrane and are long hairlike structures that enable a cell to move.
Cilia: short hair-like structures that can move entire cells or substances along the cells outer surface.
