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Biology > Topic 8 - Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Topic 8 - Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are painkillers

A

Are chemicals that relieve the symptoms but to not kill the pathogens

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2
Q

Examples of painkiller

A

Paracetamol
Aspirin

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3
Q

What are antibiotics

A

Substances that slow down or stop the growth of bacteria

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4
Q

What type of disease does antibiotics only work for

A

Bacterial

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5
Q

Example of antibiotic

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

Why is it hard to develop drugs that kill viruses

A

Because it can also damage tissue

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7
Q

Why shouldn’t you prescribe antibiotics to anyone

A

Because the bacteria can develop resistant against the drug

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8
Q

When was penicillin discovered and who by

A

1928 by Alexander Fleming

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9
Q

How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin

A

He noticed that some bacteria he had left in a Petri dish had been killed by the naturally occurring penicillin mould

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10
Q

Where does aspirin come from

A

Willow trees

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11
Q

Where does digitalis come from

A

This heart drug originates from foxgloves

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12
Q

What happen during preclinical testing

A

Start by testing on computer models, skin cells grown using human stem cells in a laboratory if it is safe then they start testing on animals

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13
Q

What happens during human clinical trials

A

If it is safe after being tested on animals then they test on healthy volunteers they start at a low dosage and if the drug is found to be safe they do further trials for finding best dosage
In double blind trails some patients receive a placebo drug

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14
Q

What is a placebo drug

A

A fake drug that look exactly like the real one to be able to see symptoms

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15
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease they may be viral, bacterial, protist or fungi

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16
Q

What are the 4 pathogens

A

Viral
Bacterial
Fungi
Protists

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17
Q

What disease may reproduce rapidly inside body

A

Viruses and bacterial

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18
Q

What does a bacterial disease do to your body

A

Produce toxins or poisons that damage tissue and make us feel I’ll

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19
Q

What do viruses to do your body

A

Live and reproduce cells causing cell damage

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20
Q

What is an example of a fungal disease

A

Rose black spot

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21
Q

What is rose black spot

A

Purple or black spots develop on leaves which often turn yellow and drop early

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22
Q

What are the affects of rose black spot

A

Affects growth of plant as photosynthesis is reduced

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23
Q

How is rose black spot spread

A

Water or wind

24
Q

How is rose black spot treated

A

By using fungicides or removing and destroying the affected

25
What is an example of a protist disease
Malaria
26
What is malaria
Is a disease that is passed by blood by mosquitos
27
What are the effects of malaria
Cause recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal
28
What is a vector
A living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal
29
How is malaria treated
Drugs
30
What are the three examples of viral diseases
Measles HIV tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
31
What are the symptoms and effect of the measles
The symptoms are a fever and a red skin rash Serious illness that can be fatal if complications arise
32
How is the measles spread
By inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs
33
How are the measles treated
Vaccines to prevent it
34
HIV symptoms and affects
Flu like illness Late stages of it occurs when the bodies immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers
35
How is HIV spread
By unprotected sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood which occurs when using a shred needle
36
How is HIV controlled
With antiretroviral drugs otherwise it attacks bodies immune system
37
What is tobacco mosaic virus
A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants
38
How to identify tmv
Distinctive mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves which affects the growth
39
How to prevent tmv from spreading
Removes affected and burn them
40
What are the 2 examples of bacterial disease
Salmonella Gonorrhoea
41
How is salmonella spread
Food poisoning is spread by bacteria ingested food or food prepared in unhygienic conditions
42
How to prevent salmonella
Vaccinations
43
What are the symptoms of salmonella
Cramps,Vomiting ,diarrhoea as bacteria create toxins they secrete
44
What is gonorrhoea
A sexually transmitted disease
45
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
Thick yellow or green discharge and pain when urinating
46
What causes gonorrhoea
Caused by bacterium
47
How is gonorrhoea spread
By sexual contact
48
How is gonorrhoea controlled
Antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception
49
What is a vaccination and how does it work
It involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies If the same pathogen renters the body the white bloods cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies as they already recognise it preventing infections
50
What is heard immunity
If a large population has gotten a vaccine then it is less likely for anyone to get the illness
51
What are the 5 things that help defend the body from diseases and infections
Skin Nose Trachea and bronchi Stomach White blood cells
52
How does the skin help defend the body
Covers the body and acts as a barrier If wounded it immediately begins to heal
53
How does the nose help defend the body
Has internal hairs which acts as a physical barrier to infections Cells in nose produce mucus which traps pathogens before they enter lungs
54
How to the trachea and bronchi help defend the body
Have fine hairs that line it called cilia Move mucus and pathogens upwards towards the throat where it is then swallowed into stomach
55
How does the stomach help defend the body
The hydrochloric acid is strong enough to kill any pathogens that have been caught in the mucus
56
How to white blood cells help defend the body
Is contains phagocytes, antibodies and antitoxins

Biology (24 decks)

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