Topic 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the cells in the muscular system specialised to do

Answer 1

Bring about movement

Question 2

What are the cells of the excretory system specialised to do

Answer 2

Remove waste products and unwanted substances regulate the water content of the body

Question 3

What are the cells of the circulatory system specialised to do

Answer 3

Transport substances, defend the body, regulate temperature

Question 4

What do you call cells that have not been specialised

Answer 4

Stem cells

Question 5

Why do Petri dishes need to be sterilised before use

Answer 5

If it is not sterilised the harmful bacteria could grow which would complicate results of experiment

Question 6

What are the 2 ways to grow bacteria

Answer 6

1) nutrient broth solution
2) colonies on an agar plate

Question 7

How long does it take for bacteria to replicate

Answer 7

20 minutes

Question 8

What are the advantages of an electron microscope

Answer 8

High magnification

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of an electron microscope

Answer 9

Harder to move
More expensive

Question 10

What are the advantages of a light microscope

Answer 10

Easier to move around
Cheaper

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of a light microscope

Answer 11

Low magnification

Question 12

What is the equation for magnification

Answer 12

Magnification = size of image/real size

Question 13

What are the cells of the nervous system specialised to do

Answer 13

Respond to internal and external stimuli and conditions carry messages for the body to work as a coordinated whole

Question 14

What is in an animal cell

Answer 14

Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 15

What is the function chloroplasts

Answer 15

Contains a green pigment call chlorophyll which carries out photosynthesis

Question 16

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 16

Made of a tough substance called cellulose which supports the cell

Question 17

What is the function of the vacuole

Answer 17

Contains a liquid called cell sap which keeps the cell firm

Question 18

What is the function of the mitochondria

Answer 18

Where most respiration reactions happen

Question 19

What are the cells of the xylem vessels specialised to do

Answer 19

Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots up the plant

Question 20

Where are the 8 places where adult stem cells found

Answer 20

Brain
Eyes
Blood
Heart
Liver
Bone marrow
Skin
Muscles

Question 21

What does a prokaryotic cell contain

Answer 21

Cells wall
A single loop of dna
Plasmids
Cell membrane
Flagellum
Cell capsule
Cytoplasm

Question 22

What is the function of a cell membrane

Answer 22

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 23

What does a eukaryotic cell contain

Answer 23

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell organelles
-includes mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Cell membrane

Question 24

What are the cells of the meristem specialised to do

Answer 24

Provide new cells as they divide

Question 25

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 25

Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell

Question 26

Type of cell division with prokaryotic cells

Answer 26

Binary fission

Question 27

What is the cell division with eukaryotic cells

Answer 27

Mitosis

Question 28

What are the cells of companion cells specialised to do

Answer 28

Provide the energy required for transporting substances in sieve tubes

Question 29

What is in a plant cell

Answer 29

Cell membrane Cell wall Vacuole Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Chloroplast

Question 30

What are the cells in a sieve tube specialised to do

Answer 30

Transport products of photosynthesis including sugars and amino acids from the leaf to where they are needed

Question 31

What are the cells of the guard cells specialised to do

Answer 31

Open and close to control the exchange of gases including carbon dioxide water vapour and oxygen

Question 32

What is the function of the cytoplasm

Answer 32

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen

Question 33

What are the cells of the spongey mesophyll specialised to do

Answer 33

Allow gases to circulate for the exchange of gases between the leaf and environment carry out some photosynthesis

Question 34

What are the cells in the respiratory system specialised to do

Answer 34

Deliver oxygen for respiration and remove waste

Question 35

What are the cells of the reproductive system specialised to do

Answer 35

Bring about fertilisation to produce new offspring

Question 36

What are the cells of the skeletal system specialised to do

Answer 36

Bring about movement support and protect internal structures, produce blood cells and release calcium

Question 37

What are the cells of the palisade mesophyll specialised to do

Answer 37

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 38

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 38

A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs

Question 39

What are the adaptations of the sperm cells

Answer 39

Head contains genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus, it is also has a stream line head to swim faster, also the mid piece contains mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise, the tail enable it to swim

Question 40

What are the adaptations of nerve cells

Answer 40

Is extended so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body, it has extensions and branches so that is can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands, covered in a fatty sheath which insulates it and speeds up the nerve impulses

Question 41

What is the adaptation of a muscle cell

Answer 41

Contains filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction, contains mitochondria to provide the energy for muscle contraction

Question 42

What are the adaptations for a root hair cell

Answer 42

Large surface area to provide contact with soil and water, has thin walls so it does not restrict the movement of water

Question 43

What are the adaptations of the xylem

Answer 43

No top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, continuous column of water running through them. Walls become thickened and woody which support plant

Question 44

What are the adaptations of the phloem

Answer 44

-dissolved sugars and amino acids can be transported both up and down the stem, companion cells provide energy required to transport substances in the phloem

Question 45

Uncontaminated cultures of micro organisms are required for investigating the action of what

Answer 45

Disinfectants and antibiotics

Question 46

What temperature does bacteria on a Petri dish need to be incubated at

Answer 46

25 degrees Celsius