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Biology > Topic 1 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the cells in the muscular system specialised to do

A

Bring about movement

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2
Q

What are the cells of the excretory system specialised to do

A

Remove waste products and unwanted substances regulate the water content of the body

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3
Q

What are the cells of the circulatory system specialised to do

A

Transport substances, defend the body, regulate temperature

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4
Q

What do you call cells that have not been specialised

A

Stem cells

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5
Q

Why do Petri dishes need to be sterilised before use

A

If it is not sterilised the harmful bacteria could grow which would complicate results of experiment

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6
Q

What are the 2 ways to grow bacteria

A

1) nutrient broth solution
2) colonies on an agar plate

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7
Q

How long does it take for bacteria to replicate

A

20 minutes

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8
Q

What are the advantages of an electron microscope

A

High magnification

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of an electron microscope

A

Harder to move
More expensive

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10
Q

What are the advantages of a light microscope

A

Easier to move around
Cheaper

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of a light microscope

A

Low magnification

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12
Q

What is the equation for magnification

A

Magnification = size of image/real size

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13
Q

What are the cells of the nervous system specialised to do

A

Respond to internal and external stimuli and conditions carry messages for the body to work as a coordinated whole

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14
Q

What is in an animal cell

A

Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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15
Q

What is the function chloroplasts

A

Contains a green pigment call chlorophyll which carries out photosynthesis

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

Made of a tough substance called cellulose which supports the cell

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17
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

Contains a liquid called cell sap which keeps the cell firm

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18
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Where most respiration reactions happen

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19
Q

What are the cells of the xylem vessels specialised to do

A

Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots up the plant

20
Q

Where are the 8 places where adult stem cells found

A

Brain
Eyes
Blood
Heart
Liver
Bone marrow
Skin
Muscles

21
Q

What does a prokaryotic cell contain

A

Cells wall
A single loop of dna
Plasmids
Cell membrane
Flagellum
Cell capsule
Cytoplasm

22
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane

A

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

23
Q

What does a eukaryotic cell contain

A

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell organelles
-includes mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Cell membrane

24
Q

What are the cells of the meristem specialised to do

A

Provide new cells as they divide

25
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell

26
Q

Type of cell division with prokaryotic cells

A

Binary fission

27
Q

What is the cell division with eukaryotic cells

A

Mitosis

28
Q

What are the cells of companion cells specialised to do

A

Provide the energy required for transporting substances in sieve tubes

29
Q

What is in a plant cell

A

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast

30
Q

What are the cells in a sieve tube specialised to do

A

Transport products of photosynthesis including sugars and amino acids from the leaf to where they are needed

31
Q

What are the cells of the guard cells specialised to do

A

Open and close to control the exchange of gases including carbon dioxide water vapour and oxygen

32
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen

33
Q

What are the cells of the spongey mesophyll specialised to do

A

Allow gases to circulate for the exchange of gases between the leaf and environment carry out some photosynthesis

34
Q

What are the cells in the respiratory system specialised to do

A

Deliver oxygen for respiration and remove waste

35
Q

What are the cells of the reproductive system specialised to do

A

Bring about fertilisation to produce new offspring

36
Q

What are the cells of the skeletal system specialised to do

A

Bring about movement support and protect internal structures, produce blood cells and release calcium

37
Q

What are the cells of the palisade mesophyll specialised to do

A

Carry out photosynthesis

38
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs

39
Q

What are the adaptations of the sperm cells

A

Head contains genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus, it is also has a stream line head to swim faster, also the mid piece contains mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise, the tail enable it to swim

40
Q

What are the adaptations of nerve cells

A

Is extended so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body, it has extensions and branches so that is can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands, covered in a fatty sheath which insulates it and speeds up the nerve impulses

41
Q

What is the adaptation of a muscle cell

A

Contains filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction, contains mitochondria to provide the energy for muscle contraction

42
Q

What are the adaptations for a root hair cell

A

Large surface area to provide contact with soil and water, has thin walls so it does not restrict the movement of water

43
Q

What are the adaptations of the xylem

A

No top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, continuous column of water running through them. Walls become thickened and woody which support plant

44
Q

What are the adaptations of the phloem

A

-dissolved sugars and amino acids can be transported both up and down the stem, companion cells provide energy required to transport substances in the phloem

45
Q

Uncontaminated cultures of micro organisms are required for investigating the action of what

A

Disinfectants and antibiotics

46
Q

What temperature does bacteria on a Petri dish need to be incubated at

A

25 degrees Celsius

Biology (24 decks)

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