Topic 7Organic Chem

Question 1

Alkane formula

Answer 1

CnH2n+2

Question 2

What series are alkanes in

Answer 2

Homologous

Question 3

What are the four main alkanes and what are their formulas

Answer 3

Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10

Question 4

Do hydrocarbons properties change as they get longer

Answer 4

True
When they are shorter hydrocarbons are runny less viscous more volatile and have lower boiling point more flammable.

Question 5

What does there need to be a lot of for complete combustion to take place

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

Waste products of complete combustion

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

Equation for compete combustion

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon + oxygen— carbon dioxide + water

Question 8

Is crude oil renewable

Answer 8

No as it takes millions of years to form and its is a fossil fuel as it is a finite resource

Question 9

What is the temp gradient in heating columns

Answer 9

Hot at bottom cool at top

Question 10

What is formed in fractional distillation columns

Answer 10

Petrol
Kerosene (jet fuel)
Diesel
Heavy fuel oils

Question 11

Where are shorter chains found in fractional distillation columns

Answer 11

At the top

Question 12

What is the purpose of cracking

Answer 12

Process of breaking down long hydrocarbon into shorter more useful hydrocarbons

Question 13

What is the formula for alkene

Answer 13

alkene CnH2n

Question 14

What is the difference between Alkanes and Alkenes

Answer 14

Alkanes carbon carbon single bond C-C
Alkenes carbon carbon double bond C=C

Question 15

How do you test for an alkene

Answer 15

Add bromine water if it is present it turn from orange to colourless

Question 16

How is cracking preformed

Answer 16

Cracking is a thermal decomposition reaction (breaking moleculs with heat)
1) Heat hydrocarbons so they vapourise
2) Vapour is passed over hot aluminum oxide catalyst
3) Long chain molecules split apart on surface

Question 17

What are the four main alkene and what are the formulas for them

Answer 17

Ethene C2H4
Propene C3H6
Butene C4H8
Pentene C5H10

Question 18

What type of flame do Alkenes burn with

Answer 18

A smokey flame

Question 19

Equation for incomplete combustion

Answer 19

Alkene + oxygen– carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

Question 20

What is a polymer

Answer 20

Are long molecules made of small molecules called monomers joined together

Question 21

What is addition polymerisation

Answer 21

It happens when alkene monomers join together by breaking there C=C double bond to form a long chain polymer with only one product

Question 22

What is a repeating unit for a addition polymer

Answer 22

it is where the smallest section of a polymer is repeated to form a new polymer.
Eg Poly(ethene) (-CH2-CH2-)n

Question 23

How do you make a monomer from a polymer

Answer 23

Add the C=C double bond back
Remove the poly from the start
Polypropene - propene

Question 24

What is the general formula for alcohols

Answer 24

CnH2n+1OH

Question 25

What are the 4 first alcohols and what re there formulas

Answer 25

Methonal CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH PropanolC3H7OH Butanol C4H9OH

Question 26

What are the main reactions of Alcohols

Answer 26

They are flammable Burns in oxygen for complete combustion to produce Carbon Dioxide and Water Soluble in water reacts with sodium react with carboxylic acids to form esters

Question 27

How is ethanol made and what are its uses

Answer 27

Made in fermentation equation Glucose -- ethanol + carbon dioxide happens fastest at 37 C

Question 28

General formula for Carboxylic acids and what are the main ones

Answer 28

CnH2n+1COOH Methanoic acid HCOOH Ethanoic acid CH3COOH Propanoic acid C2H5COOH Butanoic acid C3H7COOH

Question 29

What do carboxylic acids produce

Answer 29

Salt, water, carbon dioxide

Question 30

When salts are formed what does it end in

Answer 30

anoate eg methanoate

Question 31

What do carboxylic acids release when they dissolve in water and do they completely ionise

Answer 31

Release H+ don't completely ionise and form weak acids

Question 32

What are esters functional group

Answer 32

COO

Question 33

What is condensation polymerization

Answer 33

Involves monomers with two functional groups forming a polymer and a small molecule. An example is a Polyester

Question 34

Compare addition and condensation polymerization

Answer 34

Addition Condensation Monomers Alkenes monomers with 2 functional groups Bonds Form C-C single bonds Ester/Amide bonds Products The polymer Polymer+ small molecule

Question 35

What are 3 naturally occurring polymers

Answer 35

Proteins made from amino acids (Polypeptides Carbohydrates made from sugar monomers DNA made from nucleotide monomers

Question 36

What are the monomers of DNA

Answer 36

Nucleotide monomers

Question 37

What type of polymerization forms proteins

Answer 37

condensation polymerization of proteins creating peptide bonds which release water