Topic 1 Atomic structure Flashcards
What are the three subatomic particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Where are protons, neutrons and electrons found in an atom
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
and electrons orbit the nucleus
What are the charges of protons neutrons and electrons
Protons = 1
Neutron = 0
Electrons = -1
What is the relative mass of Protons, Neutrons and electrons
Protons = 1
Neutron = 1
Electrons = 0
What is an isotope
An atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
How are elements arranged in the periodic table
By increasing atomic number
What do groups and periods represent
Groups = number of outer shells
Periods = number of outer electrons
What are noble gases and why are they unreactive
Group have 0 elements have full outer shells
What are the three types of chemical bonding
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
What happens in ionic bonding
Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal forming positive and negative ions
What happens in covalent bonding
Non metals share electrons to form molecules
What happens in metallic bonding
Positive metal ion are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
What are the 3 states of matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
What is the boiling point of water
100 degrees
What happens during melting
A solid gains energy, particles vibrate more causing bonds to weaken until it becomes a liquid
What is sublimation
When a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid
How do you calculate the number of neutrons
Mass number- atomic number
What is the relative atomic mass (AR)
Ar = (mass of isotope 1 × % abundance) + (mass of isotope 2 × % abundance) / 100
What is a reactant
A substance that takes part in a chemical reaction
What is the law of conservation of mass
Mass cant be created nor destroyed
How did John Dalton arrange the elements
By atomic mass as solids spheres
