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A Level Biology > Topic 7C - Populations And Ecosystems > Flashcards

Topic 7C - Populations And Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All the organisms living in a community aswell as all the abiotic conditions in the area which they live

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2
Q

What are biotic conditions of an ecosystem?

A

Living features of an ecosystem. E.g. the presence of predators or food

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3
Q

What are abiotic conditions of an ecosystem?

A

The non living features. E.g. the temperature or soil

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4
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives

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5
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role of a species in a habitat

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6
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Feature that members of a society have that increases their chances of survival

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7
Q

What’s is a population ?

A

All the organisms of one species in a habitat

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8
Q

What is a community?

A

Population of different species in a habitat

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9
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

The maximum stable population size of a species that an ecosystem can support

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10
Q

What are 3 biotic factors ?

A

Interspecific competition
Intraspecific competition
Predation

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11
Q

What is abundance?

A

Number of individuals of one species in a particular area

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12
Q

What is distribution?

A

Where a particular species is within the area you are investigating

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13
Q

Give a brief method for random sampling? (5)

A
  1. Choose an area to sample
  2. Ensure sample is random to avoid bias - use random number generator
  3. Use appropriate technique to take a sample of the population
  4. Repeat and take as many samples as possible
  5. Conclude results and work out the mean aswell as percentage cover
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14
Q

What is a running mean? What is the purpose of a running mean?

A
  • Where you work out the mean of all the data each time you collect a new sample
  • once the mean no longer changes your should have data that gives a REALISTIC ESTIMATE FOR THE WHOLE AREA
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15
Q

What are transects?

A

Lines to help find out how organisms are distributed across an area

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of transects?

A

Belt transects
Interrupted belt transects

17
Q

What are belt transects?

A

Quadrats are placed next to each other along the transect to work out species frequency and percentage cover along the transect

18
Q

What is interrupted belt transects?

A

Placing quadrat at regular intervals instead of measuring the whole transect

19
Q

What is ‘mark-release-recapture’ method? (6)

A
  1. Capture a sample of species using an appropriate technique
  2. Mark them in harmless way
  3. Release them back into their habitat
  4. Wait a week, then take a second sample from same population
  5. Count how many of the second sample are marked
  6. To estimate total population size = number of 1st sample size x number of 2nd sample / number of 2nd sample marked
20
Q

What is succession?

A

The process by which an ecosystem changes over time. Happens in a series of stages

21
Q

What is a pioneer species?

A

The first species to colonise the area

22
Q

How do pioneer species change abiotic conditions?

A

Die and microorganisms decompose the dead organic material, which forms a basic soil
This makes condition less hostile, so new organisms can grow there
Continues to happen and environment gets less and less hostile allowing a wider range of species being able to grow in it

23
Q

What occurs during the later stages of succession?

A

Ecosystem becomes more complex, eventually leading to a climax community

24
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

Happens on land that’s been cleared of all plants but where the soil remains
Similar to primary succession but the new pioneer species are usually larger plants

25
Q

What is plagioclimax?

A

When succession is stopped articifically (due to humans)

26
Q

What is conservation?

A

Protection and management of species and habitats in a sustainable way

27
Q

What are the 5 conservation methods?

A

Management of succession
Seed banks
Captive breeding
Fishing quotas
Protected areas

A Level Biology (20 decks)

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