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Chemistry Year 11 > Topic 7 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

How does pressure increase affect equilibrium?

A

Moves to where there are fewer molecules of gas to reduce pressure

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2
Q

How does concentration affect equilibrium?

A

If the conc of product goes up, reactants reduced

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3
Q

Properties of shirt hydrocarbons

A

Less viscous, lower bpt, more flammable

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4
Q

What is LPG and where do you find it in fractional distillation?

A

Liquid petroleum gas. Found At the top(it’s still a gas)

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5
Q

From top to bottom, what are the fractions in fractional distillation?

A

LPG, petrol, kerosene, Diesel, heavy fuel oil, bitumen

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6
Q

Where in fractional distillation are the longest hydrocarbons?

A

Bottom

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7
Q

How do you catalytically crack crude oil?

A

Vaporise hydrocarbons, pass over hot aluminium oxide powder and split on the Aluminium oxide powder

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8
Q

How do you crack hydrocarbons with steam?

A

Vaporise, add steam and heat w/ high temp

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9
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

Has a double bond

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10
Q

Which are more reactive? Alkenes or alkanes?

A

Alkenes; they have a double bond

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11
Q

General formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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12
Q

First four alkenes?

A

Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene

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13
Q

What happens when an alkene combusts in normal air?

A

Incomplete combustion; Forms smoky yellow flame

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14
Q

What kind of bond do alkanes have?

A

Single covalent bonds

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15
Q

How do you test for alkenes?

A

Orange bromine water turns clear

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16
Q

What are polymers?

A

Lots of monomers joined in a chain

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17
Q

What are monomers?

A

Molecules that can be joined in a chain

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18
Q

What is an addition polymer?

A

Polymers made out of unsaturated monomers

19
Q

What defines an alcohol?

A

O-H bond

20
Q

Alcohol properties?

A

Flammable
Do complete combustion in air
Neutral pH
Soluble in water

21
Q

What are the first four alcohols used for?

A

Fuels

22
Q

How can you get a carboxylic acid from alcohol?

A

Oxidise it with oxygen

23
Q

If you oxidise propanol with oxygen, what do you get?

A

Propanoic acid

24
Q

What can alcohols dissolve?

A

Oil, hydrocarbons

Most things water can’t dissolve

25
Q

How is ethanol made from fermentation?

A

Enzyme in yeast (catalyst) turning sugar into ethanol

26
Q

What are the optimum conditions for fermented ethanol?

A

37 degrees
Slightly acidic
Anaerobic conditions

27
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

C=O-OH

28
Q

Why are carboxylic acids dissolved in water weak?

A

Not all acid molecules ionises and release H+

29
Q

How are Esters made?

A

Alcohol + carboxylic acid (w/ acid catalyst)

30
Q

What is the Ester functional group?

A

COO

31
Q

How is condensation polymerisation different from addition?

A

Two products are made: a polymer and a small molecule

32
Q

What kind of monomers can be used in condensation polymerisation?

A

Two with same functional group

Or

One type w/ 2 diff functional groups

33
Q

What two groups do amino acids have?

A

Amino and carboxyl

34
Q

What are proteins?

A

One or more long chains of polypeptides

35
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

Polymer of amino acids made via condensation polymerisation

36
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Polymers of bases

37
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Two polymer chains (nucleotides) joined by cross linked bases

38
Q

What do sugars contain?

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

39
Q

How does sugar create carbohydrates?

A

Polymerisation forms large carbohydrate polymers

40
Q

How do you make alcohol?

A

React steam with an alkene over a catalyst

41
Q

What is hydrogenation?

A

Reacting hydrogen with an unsaturated carbon over a catalyst

42
Q

How do you name a polymer?

A

Put poly(monomer)

43
Q

If you oxidise an alcohol what do you get?

A

Carboxylic acid

Chemistry Year 11 (5 decks)

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