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Chemistry Year 11 > Topic 10 - Using Resources > Flashcards

Topic 10 - Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Properties of ceramics

A

Non-metal solids, high melting point, no Carbon, insulate, brittle and stiff

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2
Q

Examples of ceramics?

A

Clay or glass

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3
Q

How is soda-lime glass made?

A

Limestone, sand, sodium carbonate mixture

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4
Q

How is borosilicate glass made?

A

Sand and boron trioxide

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5
Q

What is a composite?

A

One material embedded in another

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6
Q

What is a matrix?

A

A binder for fragments of a material

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7
Q

What are low density polymers?

A

Durable plastic bags/bottles

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8
Q

How do you make a low density polymer?

A

Moderate temp and high pressure

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9
Q

What are high density polymers?

A

Rigid Drainpipes

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10
Q

How do you make high density polymers?

A

Low temp and pressure w/ diff catalyst

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11
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers?

A

Polymer chains entwined w/ weak intermolecular forces

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12
Q

What are thermosetting polymers?

A

Monomers with cross links between polymer chains (like DNA)

Don’t soften when heated

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13
Q

Why does aluminium corrode less than steel or iron?

A

When the top layer corrodes it forms aluminium oxide as a protective barriar

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14
Q

What is the sacrificial method to stop rusting?

A

Put a more reactive metal in. If it’s scratched then the metal goes instead of iron

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15
Q

How do you make salt water potable?

A

Desalination

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16
Q

What is one method of desalination?

A

Neutralise pH
Teat for sodium and chlorine
Distill

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17
Q

How is waste water treated?

A

Screened
Sedimentation
Effluent removed via aerobic digestion
Sludge broken down via anaerobic digestion

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18
Q

Sedimentation

A

Sludge sinks, effluent floats

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19
Q

Biological aerobic digestion

A

Oxygen pumped to encourage aerobic bacteria to break down microbes

20
Q

How are products of sludge used?

A

Methane gas - energy

Rest is fertiliser

21
Q

What is the haber process?

A

The most efficient way to make ammonium nitrate

22
Q

Where does the haber process get nitrogen from?

A

Air

23
Q

What is needed for the haber process to occur?

A

Iron catalyst
400 degrees
200 atmospheres (pressure)

24
Q

How do you make ammonia?

A

Nitrogen and Hydrogen pass over iron catalyst
Reaches equilibrium and ammonia gas cools in a condenser
N2 and H2 recycled

25
Q

High temperature in haber process favours

A

Nitrogen, hydrogen and a faster equilibrium

26
Q

High pressure favours?

A

Ammonia

27
Q

Phosphate rock and nitric acid produces?

A

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

28
Q

Phosphate rock and sulfuric acid produces?

A

Calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate

29
Q

What is a single super phosphate?

A

Calcium sulphate and calcium phosphate

30
Q

Phosphate rock and phosphoric acid produces?

A

Calcium phosphate

31
Q

What is a triple superphosphate?

A

Calcium phosphate

32
Q

Where does potassium come from?

A

The ground

33
Q

What is useful about polymers?

A

Insulating, flexible, easily molded

34
Q

What is in bronze?

A

Copper and tin

35
Q

What is in brass?

A

Copper and zinc

36
Q

What can be put into gold?

A

Zinc, copper or silver

37
Q

Why is bronze better than brass?

A

Harder

38
Q

Why is brass better than bronze?

A

More malleable and lower friction

39
Q

What is galvanising?

A

Using a barrier and a sacrifice to stop rusting

40
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Using bacteria to make copper ore soluble so it can be extracted

41
Q

What is phytomining?

A

Growing plants that contain copper only to use the ashes for electrolysis

42
Q

What is involved in a life cycle assessment?

A

Getting raw mats
Manufacture and packaging
Usage
Disposal

43
Q

How can seawater be treated?

A

Reverse osmosis

44
Q

What is reverse osmosis?

A

Passing water through a membrane to separate the salt in it

45
Q

What are the reactants of ammonium nitrate?

A

Ammonia(NH3) and Nitric acid(HNO3)

46
Q

In the lab, how do you make ammonium nitrate?

A

Titration and crystallisation

Chemistry Year 11 (5 decks)

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