topic 7 (language) lecture 2 (aphasia)

Question 1

what are 3 ways we can study language?

Answer 1

1) looking at anatomy- for example the articulatory tract
2) looking at case studies of brain damage
3) looking at brain imaging during language tasks

Question 2

what does neuropsychology focus on?

Answer 2

language areas in the brain

Question 3

what does linguistics focus on?

Answer 3

the composition of language

Question 4

what does psycholinguistics focus on?

Answer 4

the psychological processes involved in language

Question 5

in most people, what HEMISPHERE is more heavily involved in language

Answer 5

• for most people the LEFT HEMISPHERE is more heavily involved in language

Question 6

how is handedness asssociated with neuropsychology?

Answer 6

LEFT HANDED PEOPLE are more likely to have language dominance in the RIGHT HEMISPHERE

Question 7

what is APHASIA

Answer 7

a condition associated with BRAIN DAMAGE that leads to deficits in language comprehension and production

Question 8

which two psychologists pioneered work in aphasia

Answer 8

BROCA and WERNICKE

Question 9

outline symptoms of BROCAS APHASIA, as illustrated by the situation of Brocas patient TAN

Answer 9

• he could not speak, could only produce the word tan
• he could understand what he was asked and produce nonverbal response
• he could produce all sounds, but not in the form of language
• patients are not aware of deficits
• post mortem he was found to have a large LEFT FRONTAL LESION (in the inferior frontal gyrus), this area is now nicknamed BROCAS AREA

Question 10

outline WERNICKES APHASIA

Answer 10

• postmortem lesions found in LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE , adjacent to primary auditory cortex (Superior Temporal Gyrus).
• This area is nicknames WERNICKES AREA
• patients with damage could speak fluently but speech was devoid of meaning
• they also could not understand what was said to them
• patients are aware of their deficits

Question 11

what is CONDUCTION APHASIA?

Answer 11

patients can understand and produce but not repeat speech

Question 12

what is GLOBAL APHASIA?

Answer 12

patients can neither understand nor produce speech

Question 13

what is TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA?

Answer 13

similar to brocas aphasia but the patients repetition skills are intact (echolia)

Question 14

what is TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY APHASIA?

Answer 14

similar to wernickes aphasia but the patients repition skills are still intact (echolia)

Question 15

what is ISOLATION APHASIA?

Answer 15

patient can neither understand nor produce speech but their repetition skills are still intact

Question 16

what is ANOMIC APHASIA?

Answer 16

patient struggles to name objects across modalities

Question 17

visualise LICHTHEIMS MODEL of speech perception and production

Answer 17