Topic 7- Energy Budgets Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an advantage of large animals having a small surface area to volume ratio?

A

it allows them to lose heat more efficiently, makes temperature regulation easier.

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2
Q

What is the relationship between Metabolic Rate and Animal Body Mass?

A

As body mass increases, metabolic rate increases

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3
Q

which has a larger metabolic demand, smaller or larger animals?

A

Smaller animals have larger metabolic demands

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4
Q

what is hyperallometry (positive allometry)?

A

as one dimension increases, another increases with a greater proportion.

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5
Q

what is hypoallometry (negative allometry)?

A

as one dimension increases, another increases to a lesser proportion.

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6
Q

What is Eassimilation?

A

the energy available to the organism, Ein-Eexcretion.

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7
Q

Can Eassimilation be negative?

A

Yes, if Eassimilation is positive the energy can be used towards Eproduction (growth and reproduction), if Eassimilation is negative more energy is being used than produced.

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8
Q

If a cat weighs 20 kg and eats 20% of its body mass in food that gives 200J/g of energy. What is Ein?

A

Mass x 0.20 x amount of energy from food
=20 000g x 0.20 x 200 J/g
=800 000J
=800 kJ

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9
Q

if a 20 kg cat excretes 50g of urea and 200g of feces, the urea is 10J/g of energy and the feces is 250J/g of energy, what is Eexcretion?

A

grams of urea x energy of urea + grams of feces x energy of feces
=(50g x 10J/g) + (200g x 250J/g)
=50 500 J
=50.5 kJ

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10
Q

if you have a 20 kg cat, with an energy input of 800 kJ and an energy output of 50.5kJ, what is Eassimilation? What happens with this value?

A

Eassimilation= Ein-Eexcretion
= 800- 50.5
=749.5 kJ
This cat would be able to put energy towards growth or reproduction.

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11
Q

what is resting metabolic rate?

A

an organisms metabolic rate at rest, including daily activites

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12
Q

what is basal metabolic rate?

A

metabolic rate at absolute rest, lowest possible metabolic rate

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13
Q

what is standard metabolic rate?

A

metabolic rate at specific temperatures, only used for ectotherms

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14
Q

what is metabolic rate used for?

A

1.helps determine how much food an organism needs
2. gives a quantitative measurement of total activity
3.helps determine pressure on an ecosystems energy supplies

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15
Q

what is an ectotherm?

A

ectotherms rely on external environment for temperature regulation.

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16
Q

what is an endotherm?

A

endotherms regulate their own internal body temperature.

17
Q

which has a higher MR, endotherms or ectotherms of the same size?

A

endotherms have higher MR than ectotherms because they have to spend large amounts of energy on maintaining their internal temperature.

18
Q

what is the relationship between mass specific metabolic rate and animal mass?

A

as animal mass increases mass specific metabolic rate decreases. this is due to the surface area to volume ratios.

19
Q

A 20kg cat lives in a house that is 22 degrees celcius during the day (8 hrs) and 16 degrees celcius at night (15 hrs). The cat spends 0.5 J/gh at 22 degrees, and 1 J/gh at 16 degrees. What is the Ermr?

A

Ermr= (energy spent at 22 x hours at that temp)+(energy spent at 16 x hrs at that temp)
= (0.5J/gh x 8) + (1.0J/gh x 15)
=380 000 J
= 380 kJ

20
Q

What is Eactivity?

A

Eactivity involves most forms of movement above resting state. When activity increases, heat generated may cover the thermoregulation requirements of a dormant animal.

21
Q

a 20kg cat runs around the house for one hour which uses 10 J/g*h. What is Eactivity?

A

Eactivity= mass x energy x hours spent
= 20 000g x 10J/g*h x 1hr
=200 000 J
=200 kJ

22
Q

what is Eproduction?

A

Eproduction is the energy for both reproduction and growth of bio mass.

23
Q

Can Eproduction be negative?

A

Yes if Eproduction is positive then mass will increase or organism can have children, if Eproduction is negative then the organism will lose mass, called muscle wasting.

24
Q

A 20kg cat has the values Ein= 800kJ Eexcretion=50.5kJ Ermr= 380kJ and Eactivity=200kJ What is Eproduction? What is the cat going to do?

A

Eproduction= Energyin - All outputs
= 800kJ - (50.0kJ+380kJ+200kJ)
=169.5 kJ
The cat will have energy to put towards biomass or reproduction.