Topic 7

Question 1

location of pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle

Answer 1

mitochondrial matrix

Question 2

regions of mitochondria

Answer 2

inner membrane
outer membrane
inner membrane space
matrix

Question 3

matrix activities

Answer 3

pyruvate oxidation
citric acid cycle
fatty acid oxidation

Question 4

electron transport chain

Answer 4

occurs in inner mitochondria
has a series of proteins that are electron carriers
complexes 1 to 5
transport electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen
complexes are embedded in the membrane and can’t move

Question 5

Sequence of electron transport chain

Answer 5

complex 1 - recieves electrons and hydrogen from nadh2
complex 2 - recieves electrons and hydrgoen from fadh2 and complex 1
co enzyme q
complex 3
cytochrome c
complex 4
complex 5

Question 6

change in energy

Answer 6

if the molecule is doing work or releasing energy (i.e. ETC), it will have a negative change in energy

Question 7

how electrons are transferred in ETC

Answer 7

1 - directly transfered
2 - single electron transfer
3 - hydride ion transfer
4 - electron transfer through a conjugated system

Question 8

Equation for calculting free energy

Answer 8

deltaG = -nFdeltaE0’
DELTA g = change in free energy
n = number of electrons transferred
F = farradays constant : 96.5
E0’ = difference in standard potential between the two parts

Question 9

Cytochromes

Answer 9

group of proteins that contain a heme group
help with electron tranport
classified based on how well they absorb light

Question 10

Flavin mononucleotide and NADH dehydrogenase

Answer 10

FMN
found in complex 1
cataylese reaction
NADH dehyrgoenase and complex 1 are the same thing
the FMN carries the elctron so its FMNH2

Question 11

Ubiquinone

Answer 11

aka coenzyme q

Question 12

succinate dehydrogenase

Answer 12

aka complex 2
has an iron sulfate centre

Question 13

cytochrome arrangment

Answer 13

B - c1 - c - A -A3
b and c1 are in complex 3
cyto b accepts proteins from coenzyme q
to a and a3 are in complex 4

Question 14

how scientist discovered ordered of cytochromes

Answer 14

different spectra and absorption
inhibting spefic electron acceptors

Question 15

shuttling carriers into etc

Answer 15

1) Nadh from glycolysis
- it oxidises G3P
-must be reduced to enter mitochondria
- ENTERS VIA TRANSPORTER

Question 16

glycerol phosphate shuffle

Answer 16

how FADH2 from dhap enters the mitochondri
DHAP converted to G3P
G3P gives it electron to FAD -
then gives it electron to complex 2

Question 17

malate shuffle

Answer 17

malate is oxidesed to oxalacetate
when this happens it gives its electrons to NAD+
NADH then gives its electron to complex 1

Question 18

p/o ratio

Answer 18

phosphate to oxygen ratio
measures the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation
p/o ratio for NADH is 3
for fadh2 its 2

Question 19

ATP synthase

Answer 19

aka complex 5
has two componets F1 and F0
f1 catalyses
protons flow through f0 - this causes a confirmatinal change to f1 which attaches p to adp creating atp