topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

[Cu(h2o)6]2+ shape

A

2 longer axial
4 shorter equatorial
octahedral shape

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2
Q

jahn teller distortion

A

when degenerate orbitals are occupied by a different number of e-

the molecule distorts to a lower energy form

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3
Q

examples of degenerate orbitals

A

eg and eg

t2g and t2g

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4
Q

when both eg orbitals have 1 e- inside they areee

A

not affected by the jahn teller effect
there’s only 1 way they can be filled while respecting the aufbau, pauling and hunds rule

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5
Q

d config that doesn’t lead to jahn teller effect

A

d8
6 e- in t2g
2 e- in the eg

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6
Q

d9 and e- config

A

6e- in the t2g
3e- in the eg

the eg can be arranged 2 different ways: 1 and 2 or 1 and 2

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7
Q

what is diff about d8 and d9

A

d9 is affected by the jahn teller effect
makes the 2 axial bonds longer

there is jahn teller distortion in d9 but not in d8

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8
Q

what happens to the orbitals in the jahn teller distortion complexes

A

the ones with Z will get lower in energy than the other ones:
t2g: dxz and dyz will be lower than dxy
eg: dz2 will be lower than d x2-y2

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9
Q

octahedral complexes normally have whag configuration

A

d12

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10
Q

square planar complexes usually have what configuration

A

d8

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11
Q

difference between octahedral shape and square planar shape

A

octahedral loses its 2 axial ligands to form a square planar

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12
Q

octahedral, xxx, square planar

A

tetragonal
distortion
(long axial bonds) in octahedral

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13
Q

high spin d8 usually what what configuration

A

octahedral
tetrahedral

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14
Q

low spin d8 usually have what shape

A

square planar

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15
Q

what orbital is empty in the low spin eg d8

A

the d x2-y2
bc dz2 goes down in energy and gets occupied by both the e-

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16
Q

what shape occurs in all pt complexes

A

square planar
energy gained when square planar forms is larger than the the pairing energy and the loss of the 2 ligands

17
Q

down the group for elements with d8 there sre

A

more square planar orientations

18
Q

is ligand exchange 2 step process

A

in first row DBE yes!!
it’s dissociative
the ligand being replaced is lost before the new incoming ligand coorinaged

19
Q

what is the slowest step in ligand exchange

A

losing the ligand

20
Q

fastest step in ligand exchange

A

coordination of the new ligand

21
Q

what is a 5 coordination transition state

A

the ‘intermediate’ of ligand exchange
either
trigonal bipyramidal
square pyramidal

22
Q

describe square pyramidal

A

square planar with 1 ligand on top

or octahedral with 1 ligand missing at the bottom

23
Q

what else affects ligand exchange

A
  • charge and size of metal ion
  • nature of the leaving group (bond strength)
  • crystal field effects (ground to excited states)
    (-) values = fast rea
    (+) values = slow rea
24
Q

exchange equation

A

[M]-L. reversible [M] + L