topic 7

Question 1

[Cu(h2o)6]2+ shape

Answer 1

2 longer axial
4 shorter equatorial
octahedral shape

Question 2

jahn teller distortion

Answer 2

when degenerate orbitals are occupied by a different number of e-

the molecule distorts to a lower energy form

Question 3

examples of degenerate orbitals

Answer 3

eg and eg

t2g and t2g

Question 4

when both eg orbitals have 1 e- inside they areee

Answer 4

not affected by the jahn teller effect
there’s only 1 way they can be filled while respecting the aufbau, pauling and hunds rule

Question 5

d config that doesn’t lead to jahn teller effect

Answer 5

d8
6 e- in t2g
2 e- in the eg

Question 6

d9 and e- config

Answer 6

6e- in the t2g
3e- in the eg

the eg can be arranged 2 different ways: 1 and 2 or 1 and 2

Question 7

what is diff about d8 and d9

Answer 7

d9 is affected by the jahn teller effect
makes the 2 axial bonds longer

there is jahn teller distortion in d9 but not in d8

Question 8

what happens to the orbitals in the jahn teller distortion complexes

Answer 8

the ones with Z will get lower in energy than the other ones:
t2g: dxz and dyz will be lower than dxy
eg: dz2 will be lower than d x2-y2

Question 9

octahedral complexes normally have whag configuration

Answer 9

d12

Question 10

square planar complexes usually have what configuration

Answer 10

d8

Question 11

difference between octahedral shape and square planar shape

Answer 11

octahedral loses its 2 axial ligands to form a square planar

Question 12

octahedral, xxx, square planar

Answer 12

tetragonal
distortion
(long axial bonds) in octahedral

Question 13

high spin d8 usually what what configuration

Answer 13

octahedral
tetrahedral

Question 14

low spin d8 usually have what shape

Answer 14

square planar

Question 15

what orbital is empty in the low spin eg d8

Answer 15

the d x2-y2
bc dz2 goes down in energy and gets occupied by both the e-

Question 16

what shape occurs in all pt complexes

Answer 16

square planar
energy gained when square planar forms is larger than the the pairing energy and the loss of the 2 ligands

Question 17

down the group for elements with d8 there sre

Answer 17

more square planar orientations

Question 18

is ligand exchange 2 step process

Answer 18

in first row DBE yes!!
it’s dissociative
the ligand being replaced is lost before the new incoming ligand coorinaged

Question 19

what is the slowest step in ligand exchange

Answer 19

losing the ligand

Question 20

fastest step in ligand exchange

Answer 20

coordination of the new ligand

Question 21

what is a 5 coordination transition state

Answer 21

the ‘intermediate’ of ligand exchange
either
trigonal bipyramidal
square pyramidal

Question 22

describe square pyramidal

Answer 22

square planar with 1 ligand on top

or octahedral with 1 ligand missing at the bottom

Question 23

what else affects ligand exchange

Answer 23

• charge and size of metal ion
• nature of the leaving group (bond strength)
• crystal field effects (ground to excited states)
  (-) values = fast rea
  (+) values = slow rea

Question 24

exchange equation

Answer 24

[M]-L. reversible [M] + L