coordinate complexes and isomerism Flashcards
list the 5 types of isomerism
- structural (ionisation + hydration)
- linkage
- coordination
- stereoisomers (enantiomers + diastereoisomers)
- geometric
ionisation isomers similarities
same empirical formula
ionisation isomer differences
different inner and outer sphere combinations
how to remember what an ionisation isomer is
when the different group is removed. aka when the random inner sphere ligand is removed from the metal / ‘ionised from the nuc’ and the outer sphere ligand replaces it.
majority 1 ligand
1 random inner sphere ligand
1 random outer sphere ligand
hydration isomer similarities
same empirical formula
hydration isomer differences
different inner and outer sphere combo of water
how to remember hydration isomers
add/take away a bunch of water molecules.
6.most water= purple
5.middle up: blue / green
4.middle down = green
3. lowest water = yellow
the water ligandis swapped for smt else,, theres normally 3 other ligands in the outer sphere
bunch of water molecules and smt else on the outside
linkage isomer similarities
same empirical formula
linkage isomer differences
ambidentate ligands swap the atom they coordinate with.
eg the k for kappa will now be on a different atom of the same ligand.
eerything else stays the same
how to remember what a linkage isomer is
linkage = what links
eg what donor atom of the ambidentate ligand is bonded to the metal
what donor atom is described with a kappa, k
when there are ambidentate ligands,, NCS, SCN etc
coordination isomer similarities
same empirical formula
coordination isomer differences
anion and cation complexes of a coordination compound exchange ligands
aka they basically just swap metals
the overall change and everything else stays the same
a negative charged complex (anionic) and a positively charged comples (cationic)
how to remember what a coordination isomer is
coordination,, think cation then anion
think about them coordinating themself differently by swapping the cental metals over // their ligands over
geometric isomer similarities
same empirical formula
geometric isomer differences
different spatial arrangement of ligands
