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GCSE Geography > Topic 7 > Flashcards

Topic 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Biomes

A

Large scale ecosystems with its own climate and characteristics

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

Is the study of biotic and abiotic aspects of an environment

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3
Q

What is found in an ecosystem

A

Living and non-living components

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4
Q

Tropical Grassland climate

A

Low rainfall 800-900mm.

Temperatures are highest before wet season and lowest after it.

Lots of sunshine all year round.

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5
Q

Tropical Grassland characteristics

A

Plants-grass,scrub and small plants. Home to many insects such as grasshoppers,beetles and termites

Animals-lions,elephants,giraffes,zebras,antelopes

Soil-thin and rich in nutrients however are washed away during the wet season

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6
Q

Temperate grassland climates

A

Hot summers and cold winters

Low precipitation 250-500 mm per year

Further from the equator

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7
Q

Temperate grassland characteristics

A

Plants-grasses and small plants. Few trees

Animals-mammals include bison and wild horses. Rodents include mole rats

Soil-high temperatures in summer meaning leaves decompose quick meaning soil is relatively thick and rich in nutrients

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8
Q

Deserts climate

A

Hot temperatures during the day and cold at night

Deserts get more sunlight in summer than in winter

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9
Q

Deserts characteristics

A

Plants-sparse due to lack of rainfall. Cacti and thornbushes

Animals-lizards,snakes,insects and scorpions

Soil-littoe leaf litter meaning soil is thin and poor nutrients

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10
Q

Tundra Climate

A

Temperatures are low 5-10°C in summer and as low as -30 in winter

Precipitation is low less than 250 mm a year. Most of this falls as snow

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11
Q

Tundra characteristics

A

Plants-the environment makes it hard for vegetation to grow. Plamts include mosses grasses and low shrubs

Animals-artic hares,foxes mosquitos and lots of birds

Soil- the sparse vegetation produces little leaf litter meaning soil is thin and nutrient poor

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12
Q

Factors that affect biome distribution

A

Altitude
Rock Type
Soil Type
Drainage

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13
Q

How altitude affecs biome

A

Higher altitudes are colder. Meaning few plants and little animal species. Creating thin and poor soil

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14
Q

How rock type affects biome

A

Some rocks can stop the flow of water. This affectd how rich in nutrients the soil is

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15
Q

How soil type affects biome

A

The more the nutrient rich the soil is the more plant life that can be supported

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16
Q

How drainage can affect biome

A

If drainage is poor the soil gets waterlogged and then only plants that are adapted to wet conditions can thrive

17
Q

Biotic Components

A

Living parts of an ecosystem

Eg flora and fauna

18
Q

Abiotic Components

A

Non living parts of an ecosystem

Eg soil,water,rock,atmosphere

19
Q

Resources provided by the biosphere

A

Food
Medicine
Building Materials
Fuel

20
Q

Food in the biosphere

A

Food can come directly from flora and fauna. This can be done for foraging things such as fruits,vegetables and nuts and hunting animals

21
Q

Medicine in the biosphere

A

Plants are used for their medicinal properties

22
Q

Building Materials in the biosphere

A

Trees and plants are used as building materials eg pine in taiga forests are used to build furniture and houses. Sap can be used to make glue and straw used for roofs

23
Q

Fuel in the biosphere

A

Plants and animals are used for cooking and keeping warm eg wood,moss,dried grass and animal fat

24
Q

What do humans exploit the biosphere for

A

Energy
Water
Minerals

25
Q

Energy in the biosphere

A

Since population is increasing so is the demand for energy. Large areas of forests are cut down to clear land for crops and cattle or to make way for coal mines or power stations and areas are flooded for dams

26
Q

Water in the biosphere

A

Since population is increasing so is the demand for water therefore water sources such as rives,lakes and aquifers are over exploited and not given time to replenish

27
Q

Minerals in the biosphere

A

Minerals such as gold and iron are used in building and electrical appliances. Minerals are often extracted by mining causing mass deforestation and toxic chemical release resulting in the death of wildlife

28
Q

How are gases controlled in the biosphere

A

Plants take in CO2 and give off Oxygen

Animals give off CO2 and take in Oxygen

29
Q

How is soil kept healthy

A

Plant roots and animals spread nutrients through the soil to maintain soil structure and fertility

The roots of vegetation hold the soil together

Vegetation intercepts and catches rainfall to prevent soil saturation

30
Q

Factors that are increasing demand for resources

A

Increasing Wealth
Urbanisation
Industrialisation

31
Q

How increasing wealth increases demand for resources

A

The wealthier the people are the more the affluence therefore have more money to spend on food and fund energy hungry lifestyles

32
Q

How urbanisation increases demand for resources

A

Cities are energy intensive. Many street lights and signs use energy as well as many industrial zones for manufactured goods.

33
Q

How industrialisation increase demand for resources

A

Manufacturing goods such as cars and chemicals requires lots of energy. Industrialisation has also increased demand for processed food therefore increasing the demand for palm oil

34
Q

Thomas Malthus’ Theory

A

He believed that one day thaere will be too many people for the resources available. He believed once this happened there would be famine,illness and war and the population will return to a point where resources can support the population. This happens after the point of catastrophe

35
Q

Ester Boserup’s Theory

A

She believed that as the population increased so did the resource supply because we would find new ways to supply the demand such as technological advancements

GCSE Geography (6 decks)

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