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GCSE Geography > Topic 5-Evolving Human Landscape > Flashcards

Topic 5-Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards

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1
Q

Population distribution in UK

A

Very uneven

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2
Q

Urban cores

A

Central parts of urban areas

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3
Q

Population density

A

Highest in cities eg London Glasgow and Birmingham
Also highest in areas surrounding major cities
Lowest in the upland areas where areas are rural and sparsely populated

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4
Q

Why is population in UK so uneven

A

Urban areas provide more jobs and opportunities whereas rural areas do not

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5
Q

Urban Cores

A

Higher concentration of economic activity-60% of jobs
Main employment opportunities are in tertiary sector and manufacturing
Lots of people live in cities because there are more jobs available as well as a higher salary

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6
Q

Rural areas

A

Fewr job opportunities
More primary industry eg farming and fishing
Some areas have a seasonal tourism industry
Rural areas near urban areas have become commuter settlements

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7
Q

Age structure of urban areas

A

Higher population of younger people. People live in cities due to the fact they are closer to jobs so a higher proportion of population in cities are working age

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8
Q

Age structure of rural areas

A

Higher proportion of older people live in rural areas. Older people move out of cities to retire to a more peaceful environment.

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9
Q

Areas in UK struggling to grow economically

A

Isolated Rural areas on the edge of the UK which are very inaccessible duento few employment opportunities
Rural areas around former industrial areas

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10
Q

Ways UK government have tried to reduce difference in wealth

A

Creating enterprise zones
Transport Infrastructure
Regional development

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11
Q

Enterprise Zones

A

These offer companies a range of benefits for locating in enterprise zones such as reduced taxes and improved infrastructure. These encourage companies to locate in areas of high unemployment bringing jobs and income which helps poor rural areas develop

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12
Q

Transport Infrastructure

A

UK government plans to link London to other large cities which will increase the capacity and allow faster journeys into major cities promoting industry and jobs in poorer rural areas.

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13
Q

Regional Development

A

The EU has used the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) to promote growth in poorer rural areas by investing in small high tech businesses providing training to improve local people’s skills and funding infrastructure. Also funded super fast broadband attracting digital businesses such as Gravitas

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14
Q

Net migration

A

Overall increasing but in the last 10 years has doubled

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15
Q

What does national and international migration affect

A

Distribution and age structure of the population

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16
Q

Distribution

A

Young nationa migrants and most internstional migrants move to cities where jobs and education reside mostly in areas such as London and West Midlands
Increasing number of counter urbanisation where wealthy people leave cities for rural areas for a better quality of life.
Many older people move to coastal areas when they retire

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17
Q

Age structure

A

The large number of migrants increases the population of the age group of 20-29
Migration also affects the UK age structure by increasing birth rates because many migrants are child bearing age.
Immigrants make up about 13% of UK population but account for 27% babies born

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18
Q

Ethnicities in the UK

A

White
Mixed
Asian
Black/African/Caribbean

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19
Q

Why did the UK encourage immigration from Commonwealth countries

A

To fill skill shortages in the UK workforce

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20
Q

What has happened to primary and secondary sectors

A

They are declining due to more job opportunities in higher paying sectors such as the teriary sector

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21
Q

FDI

A

Foreign direct investment

22
Q

2 forms of FDI

A

Companies can buy land or buildings to locate their place of work
Companies can buy all or part of an already existing business

23
Q

Where does FDI investment comes from

A

Comes from TNCs

24
Q

How does Globalisation increase FDI

A

Transport and Communication links have improved making it easier for companies to operate in the UK
London has developed a global finance centre with many foreign banks encouraging citizens overboard to move to the UK because of business culture

25
Q

How does privatisation increase FDI

A

Increases FDI because foreign firms can buy or merge with a UK existing business. Eg Scottish Power is owned by a Spanish Energy Company

26
Q

How does free trade policies increase FDI

A

Reduce import and export restriction making it easier to trade
Promoted between member countries of the EU. Companies can move goods and services easily between the UK and their country
Can attract investors

27
Q

Pros of TNCs affecting UK economy

A

Jobs are created
Can fund large scale projects
Created development in tech and products

28
Q

Cons of TNCs affecting the UK economy

A

Can lead to over-reliance on TNCs

Local businesses struggle to compete with TNCs

29
Q

CBD (Central Business Direct)

A

Used for commercial purposes

30
Q

Inner City

A

Eg Newham and Chelsea. Are residential areas Newham being low class and Chelsea being high class

31
Q

Suburbs

A

Eg Kingston and Surbiton. Middle class residential

32
Q

Rural-urban fringe

A

Eg crockenhill and sevenoaks. High Class residential area. As well as Thurrock a industrial commercial

33
Q

Population in London is increasing due to

A

International Migration
National Migration
Internal population grown

34
Q

What characters does migration affect

A 
Age structure 
Ethnicity 
Population
Housing
Services
Culture
35
Q

IMD

A

Index of Multiple Deprivation

36
Q

Rebranding

A

Improving a place’s image to encourage people to go there

37
Q

Regeneration

A

Making actual improvements to an area

38
Q

Positive impacts of regeneration and rebranding

A

Improved transport links
Improved the environmental quality
Businesses have been attracted creating more jobs
Population has increased as well as their affluence

39
Q

Negative impacts of regeneration and rebranding

A

Many local people were forced out due to their skill
Traditional businesses such as pubs have gone bust
Existing communities were destroyed

40
Q

Strategies that make urban living more sustainable

A 
Employment
Recycling
Green spaces
Transport -congestion charge
Housing
41
Q

Labour interdependence between rural and urban

A

Many people commute into London from rural areas to work. They then bring back their earnings and spend them in their town-40% of the sevenoaks district work in Londong

42
Q

Goods interdependence between rural and urban

A

London relies on rural areas for food such as meat and vegetation and many farmers produce for supermarkets
Many rural people come to Lodning to do their shopping as there isn’t many shopping centres in the rural areas

43
Q

Services interdependence in rural and urban

A

Londong has excellent hospitals and schools which encourages rural citizens to commute between urban and rural
Many londoners move to the country side for leisure activities

44
Q

Site

A

Is the location of land which the place is built

45
Q

Situation

A

Is the location of a place in relation to other places

46
Q

Deindustrilisation

A

Decline of industrial activity

47
Q

Depopulation

A

Reduction of people in an area

48
Q

Reasons for inequality in Newham and Richmond

A

Education-higher in richmond lower in newham
Income and employment-better in richmond worse in newham
Health-better in richmond worse in newham
Services-better in richmond worse in newham

49
Q

Urban Sprawl

A

When towns spread outwards in their size as people move to the edge through urbanisation

50
Q

Green belt

A

An area of green land surrounding an urban area

GCSE Geography (6 decks)

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