Topic 5-Evolving Human Landscape

Question 1

Population distribution in UK

Answer 1

Very uneven

Question 2

Urban cores

Answer 2

Central parts of urban areas

Question 3

Population density

Answer 3

Highest in cities eg London Glasgow and Birmingham
Also highest in areas surrounding major cities
Lowest in the upland areas where areas are rural and sparsely populated

Question 4

Why is population in UK so uneven

Answer 4

Urban areas provide more jobs and opportunities whereas rural areas do not

Question 5

Urban Cores

Answer 5

Higher concentration of economic activity-60% of jobs
Main employment opportunities are in tertiary sector and manufacturing
Lots of people live in cities because there are more jobs available as well as a higher salary

Question 6

Rural areas

Answer 6

Fewr job opportunities
More primary industry eg farming and fishing
Some areas have a seasonal tourism industry
Rural areas near urban areas have become commuter settlements

Question 7

Age structure of urban areas

Answer 7

Higher population of younger people. People live in cities due to the fact they are closer to jobs so a higher proportion of population in cities are working age

Question 8

Age structure of rural areas

Answer 8

Higher proportion of older people live in rural areas. Older people move out of cities to retire to a more peaceful environment.

Question 9

Areas in UK struggling to grow economically

Answer 9

Isolated Rural areas on the edge of the UK which are very inaccessible duento few employment opportunities
Rural areas around former industrial areas

Question 10

Ways UK government have tried to reduce difference in wealth

Answer 10

Creating enterprise zones
Transport Infrastructure
Regional development

Question 11

Enterprise Zones

Answer 11

These offer companies a range of benefits for locating in enterprise zones such as reduced taxes and improved infrastructure. These encourage companies to locate in areas of high unemployment bringing jobs and income which helps poor rural areas develop

Question 12

Transport Infrastructure

Answer 12

UK government plans to link London to other large cities which will increase the capacity and allow faster journeys into major cities promoting industry and jobs in poorer rural areas.

Question 13

Regional Development

Answer 13

The EU has used the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) to promote growth in poorer rural areas by investing in small high tech businesses providing training to improve local people’s skills and funding infrastructure. Also funded super fast broadband attracting digital businesses such as Gravitas

Question 14

Net migration

Answer 14

Overall increasing but in the last 10 years has doubled

Question 15

What does national and international migration affect

Answer 15

Distribution and age structure of the population

Question 16

Distribution

Answer 16

Young nationa migrants and most internstional migrants move to cities where jobs and education reside mostly in areas such as London and West Midlands
Increasing number of counter urbanisation where wealthy people leave cities for rural areas for a better quality of life.
Many older people move to coastal areas when they retire

Question 17

Age structure

Answer 17

The large number of migrants increases the population of the age group of 20-29
Migration also affects the UK age structure by increasing birth rates because many migrants are child bearing age.
Immigrants make up about 13% of UK population but account for 27% babies born

Question 18

Ethnicities in the UK

Answer 18

White
Mixed
Asian
Black/African/Caribbean

Question 19

Why did the UK encourage immigration from Commonwealth countries

Answer 19

To fill skill shortages in the UK workforce

Question 20

What has happened to primary and secondary sectors

Answer 20

They are declining due to more job opportunities in higher paying sectors such as the teriary sector

Question 21

FDI

Answer 21

Foreign direct investment

Question 22

2 forms of FDI

Answer 22

Companies can buy land or buildings to locate their place of work
Companies can buy all or part of an already existing business

Question 23

Where does FDI investment comes from

Answer 23

Comes from TNCs

Question 24

How does Globalisation increase FDI

Answer 24

Transport and Communication links have improved making it easier for companies to operate in the UK
London has developed a global finance centre with many foreign banks encouraging citizens overboard to move to the UK because of business culture

Question 25

How does privatisation increase FDI

Answer 25

Increases FDI because foreign firms can buy or merge with a UK existing business. Eg Scottish Power is owned by a Spanish Energy Company

Question 26

How does free trade policies increase FDI

Answer 26

Reduce import and export restriction making it easier to trade Promoted between member countries of the EU. Companies can move goods and services easily between the UK and their country Can attract investors

Question 27

Pros of TNCs affecting UK economy

Answer 27

Jobs are created Can fund large scale projects Created development in tech and products

Question 28

Cons of TNCs affecting the UK economy

Answer 28

Can lead to over-reliance on TNCs | Local businesses struggle to compete with TNCs

Question 29

CBD (Central Business Direct)

Answer 29

Used for commercial purposes

Question 30

Inner City

Answer 30

Eg Newham and Chelsea. Are residential areas Newham being low class and Chelsea being high class

Question 31

Suburbs

Answer 31

Eg Kingston and Surbiton. Middle class residential

Question 32

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 32

Eg crockenhill and sevenoaks. High Class residential area. As well as Thurrock a industrial commercial

Question 33

Population in London is increasing due to

Answer 33

International Migration National Migration Internal population grown

Question 34

What characters does migration affect

Answer 34

``` Age structure Ethnicity Population Housing Services Culture ```

Question 35

IMD

Answer 35

Index of Multiple Deprivation

Question 36

Rebranding

Answer 36

Improving a place's image to encourage people to go there

Question 37

Regeneration

Answer 37

Making actual improvements to an area

Question 38

Positive impacts of regeneration and rebranding

Answer 38

Improved transport links Improved the environmental quality Businesses have been attracted creating more jobs Population has increased as well as their affluence

Question 39

Negative impacts of regeneration and rebranding

Answer 39

Many local people were forced out due to their skill Traditional businesses such as pubs have gone bust Existing communities were destroyed

Question 40

Strategies that make urban living more sustainable

Answer 40

``` Employment Recycling Green spaces Transport -congestion charge Housing ```

Question 41

Labour interdependence between rural and urban

Answer 41

Many people commute into London from rural areas to work. They then bring back their earnings and spend them in their town-40% of the sevenoaks district work in Londong

Question 42

Goods interdependence between rural and urban

Answer 42

London relies on rural areas for food such as meat and vegetation and many farmers produce for supermarkets Many rural people come to Lodning to do their shopping as there isn't many shopping centres in the rural areas

Question 43

Services interdependence in rural and urban

Answer 43

Londong has excellent hospitals and schools which encourages rural citizens to commute between urban and rural Many londoners move to the country side for leisure activities

Question 44

Site

Answer 44

Is the location of land which the place is built

Question 45

Situation

Answer 45

Is the location of a place in relation to other places

Question 46

Deindustrilisation

Answer 46

Decline of industrial activity

Question 47

Depopulation

Answer 47

Reduction of people in an area

Question 48

Reasons for inequality in Newham and Richmond

Answer 48

Education-higher in richmond lower in newham Income and employment-better in richmond worse in newham Health-better in richmond worse in newham Services-better in richmond worse in newham

Question 49

Urban Sprawl

Answer 49

When towns spread outwards in their size as people move to the edge through urbanisation

Question 50

Green belt

Answer 50

An area of green land surrounding an urban area