topic 6a: introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
homologous series
families of organic compounds w the same functional group and general formula
hydrocarbon
compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
members of a homologous series have ? in common (5)
- same functional group
- same general formula
- same chemical properties
- gradual change in physical properties
- each member differs by CH2 from the last
alkene functional group
c=c
alcohol functional group + name
c-oh
PREFIX: hydroxy
SUFFIX: ol
halogenoalkane functional group + name
c-halogen
PREFIX: chloro,bromo,iodo
aldehyde functional group + name
c bonded to r group, =o, h
SUFFIX: al
PREFIX: formyl
ketones functional group + name
r-c=o, r
SUFFIX: one
PREFIC: oxo
carboxylic acid functional group + name
c=ooh
suffix: oic acid
ester functional group + name
c=oo
-yl-oate
what takes precedence of lowest number (functional group and branch)
functional group
double unsaturatred
diene
eg penta 1,3 diene
alkene alcohol naming
en ol
alkene carboxylic acid naming
enoic acid
structural isomerism
same molecular formula different structural formula
3 types of structural isomerism
- chain (eg branches)
- position (moving functional group)
- functional group(different functional group)
general formula cycloalkanes and alkenes
SAME
CnH2n
stereoisomerism
same structural formulae
DIFFERENT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT of atoms
when can u have E-Z isomerism
- restricted rotation around C=C
- 2 different substituents on each c
E isomer
priority atom on opposite sides
Z isomer
priority atom on same side
priority atom
atom with larger atomic number
when to use cis-trans isomerism
2 of the substiuent groups are the same
