Topic 6- Variation, Reproduction And New Technology

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Reproduction that involves only one individual with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring. The offspring are identical to the parent (clone)

Question 2

Clone

Answer 2

Offspring produced by asexual reproduction which is identical to the parent organism.

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Thread-like structure carrying the genetic information found in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material of inheritance.

Question 5

Gamete

Answer 5

Sex cell what has half the chromosome number of an ordinary cell.

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

A group of organisms with many features on common which can breed successfully producing fertile offspring.

Question 7

Adult cell cloning

Answer 7

Process in which the nucleus of an adult cell of one animal is fused with an empty egg from another animal. The embryo which results is placed inside the uterus of a third animal to develop.

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

The process of slow change in living organisms over long periods of time as those best adapted to survive breed successfully.

Question 9

Evolution relationship

Answer 9

Model of the relationships between organisms, often based on DNA evidence, which suggest how long ago they evolved away from eachother and how closely related they are in evolutionary terms.

Question 10

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 10

French biologist who developed a theory of evolution based on the inheritance of acquires characteristics.

Question 11

Natural classification system

Answer 11

Classification system based on the similarities between different living organisms.

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

A short section of DNA carrying genetic information.

Question 13

Genetic engineering

Answer 13

A technique for changing the genetic information of a cell.

Question 14

Inherited

Answer 14

Passed on from parents to their offspring through genes.

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

A change in the genetic material of an organism.

Question 16

Sexual reproduction

Answer 16

Reproduction which involves the joining (fusion) of male and female gametes producing genetic variety in offspring.

Question 17

Natural selection

Answer 17

The process by which evolution takes place. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support so only those which are most suited to their environment: the ‘fittest’ will survive to breed and pass on their useful characteristics.

Question 18

Evolution tree

Answer 18

Model of the evolutionary relationships between different organisms based on their appearance and increasingly, on DNA evidence.