Topic 1- Keeping Healthy Flashcards
Antibiotics
Drugs that destroy bacteria inside the body without damaging human cells
Antigen
Unique protein on the surface of a cell. They are recognised by the immune system as ‘self’ or ‘non self’.
Bacteria
Single called microorganisms that can reproduce very rapidly. Many bacteria are useful, for example, gut bacteria and decomposing bacteria, but some cause disease.
Pathogen
Microorganism which causes disease
Agar
The nutrient jelly on which many microorganisms are cultured.
Vaccination
Introducing small quantities of dead or inactive pathogens into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogens.
Vaccine
The dead or inactive pathogen material in vaccination
Virus
Microorganisms which takes over body cells and reproduces rapidly, causing disease.
White blood cell
Blood cell which is involved in the immune system of the body, engulfing bacteria, making antibodies and antitoxins.
Culture medium
A substance containing the nutrients needed for the microorganism to grow.
Droplet infection
A way of spreading infectious diseases though the tiny droplets full of pathogens, which are expelled from your body when you cough, sneeze or talk.
Tissue culture
Use small groups of cells from a plant to make new plants
Overweight
A person with a BMI between 25 and 30.
Obese
Very overweight, their body carries excess fat and their BMI is over 30
Microorganism
Bacteria, viruses and other organisms that can only be seen using a microscope.
Metabolic rate
The rate at which the reactions of your body take place, particularly cellular respiration.
E Number
Number assigned to food additive that has been approved for use in Europe. These are displayed on food packaging.
Food additive
A substance added to a food in order to preserve it or to improve the taste, texture or appearance.
Immune system
The body system which recognises and destroys foreign cells or proteins such as invading pathogens.
Immunisation
Giving a vaccine that allows immunity to develop without exposure to the disease itself.
Infectious
Capable of causing infection
Infectious disease
Disease that can be passed from one individual to another.
Inoculate
To make someone immune to a disease by injecting them with a vaccine which stimulates the immune system to make antibiotics against the disease.
Malnourished
The condition when the body does not get a balanced diet.
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium.
