Topic 6: Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards
A crushing injury from a direct blow that results in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response. (…a bruise)
Contusion
Trauma to a muscle and/or its tendon from overstretching or violent contraction. There is some degree of disruption to the musculotendinous unit.
Strain
Overstretching, partial tearing, or complete tearing of a ligament (or joint capsule) due to trauma.
Sprain
A fracture that occurs as the result of the pulling of soft tissue attached to the bone from a trauma.
Avulsion
An incomplete disruption of boney continuity that often involves soft tissue injury.
Subluxation
Bleeding into a joint, usually due to a severe trauma
Hemarthrosis
Swelling in the joint. Abnormal fluid accumulation can result from inflammation, infection or trauma and may be an exudate, transudate, blood and/or fat.
Joint effusion
Ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath
Ganglion
A condition in which a muscle is elongated beyond physiological neutral but not beyond the normal ROM.
Stretch weakness
The most severe form of muscle tightness. It is often overlooked clinically. Overused muscle shortens over time, changing the muscle’s length–tension curve and becoming more readily activated and weaker after time. There is also an increase in the non-contractile tissue and a decrease in elasticity, leading to hypertrophy. Ultimately, overuse leads to ischemia and degeneration of muscle fibers, which further weakens the muscle.
Tightness weakness
Increased interstitial pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment that compromises the function of the blood vessels, muscles, and nerves.
Compartment Syndrome
Acute stage of tissue healing usually lasts _ – _ _____s, unless injury is aggravated
4-6 days
Collagen fibres will align according to the _______ placed upon them.
Stresses
In the subacute stage of healing, pain may be experienced __________ with tissue resistance towards the end of available range.
Synchronous with tissue resistance
The subacute stage of healing usually lasts __ to __ ____s
10-17 days (14 to 21 days after the onset of injury)
Severity of Tissue Injury
Grade __
- Mild pain at time of injury or within 24 hrs.
- Mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain when the tissue is stressed
Grade 1
Severity of Tissue Injury
Grade __
- Moderate pain that requires stopping the activity (possibly able to resume after some interruption with lower grade injury)
- Stress and palpation of tissue greatly increase the pain
- When injury is to ligaments, some of the fibres are torn = increased joint mobility
Grade 2
Severity of Tissue Injury
Grade __
- Near-complete or complete tear or avulsion of the tissue (tendon/ligament) with severe pain
- Stress to the tissue is usually painless
- Palpation may reveal the defect
- Torn ligament results in instability of the joint
Grade 3
Crushing injury to soft tissue, often resulting from direct trauma. Capillary rupture, bleeding, enema, inflammatory response. Skin is intact.
Contusion
A swelling comprised of a mass of blood that is confined to an organ, space, or tissue and caused by a break in a blood vessel.
Hematoma
Type of hematoma where bleeding is between the muscles. Blood disperses early and recovery is faster with less scar tissue.
Intermuscular Hematoma
Type of hematoma where bleeding occurs within the muscle (contained by fascia/surrounding tissue). There is a longer recovery with more scar tissue formation. There is also a higher risk of developing myositis ossificans, or compartment syndromes.
Intramuscular Hematoma
Formation of osseous tissue within muscle. Incidence: increases with severity and/or repetitive contusions, and poor treatment.
Myositis Ossificants
_________ is most likely if joint is in a position of instability when the force is applied (e.g. shoulder)
Dislocation
T/F: Reducing dislocations is a great indication for massage therapy techniques.
False: reducing dislocations is outside the scope of practice for Massage Therapy
