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Edexcel GCSE Chemistry > Topic 6 Quantitative analysis, equilibrium, fuel cells > Flashcards

Topic 6 Quantitative analysis, equilibrium, fuel cells Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of magnesium oxide, MgO?
A

40

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2
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of water, H2O?
A

18

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3
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of carbon dioxide, CO2?
A

44

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4
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of sulfuric acid, H2SO4?
A

98

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5
Q
  1. What is the empirical formula of a compound with molecular formula C2H6?
A

CH3

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6
Q
  1. What is the empirical formula of a compound with molecular formula C6H6?
A

CH

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7
Q
  1. H What is the mass of 1 mole of sodium chloride, NaCl?
A

58.5 g

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8
Q
  1. H What is the mass of 0.1 mole of sulfur dioxide, SO2?
A

6.4 g

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9
Q
  1. What mass of water should be formed when 2 g of hydrogen reacts with 16 g of oxygen?
A

18 g

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10
Q
  1. What mass of magnesium oxide should be formed when 2.4 g of magnesium reacts with 1.6 g of oxygen?
A

4.0 g

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11
Q
  1. What is meant by the actual yield?
A

the actual amount of product formed in a reaction

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12
Q
  1. What is meant by the theoretical yield?
A

the maximum mass of product calculated from the balanced equation

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13
Q
  1. What is the formula for calculating percentage yield?
A

(actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100%

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14
Q
  1. What is the percentage yield if the actual yield is 60 g and the theoretical yield is 100 g?
A

60%

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15
Q
  1. What is the percentage yield if the actual yield is 5.5 g and the theoretical yield is 10 g?
A

55%

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16
Q
  1. What is the percentage yield if the actual yield is 15 g and the theoretical yield is 20 g?
A

75%

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17
Q
  1. What is the percentage yield if the actual yield is 0.1 g and the theoretical yield is 0.5 g?
A

20%

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18
Q
  1. Give one reason why the actual yield is less than the theoretical yield.
A

incomplete reaction, practical losses or competing reactions

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19
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2?
A

74

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20
Q
  1. What is the relative formula mass of magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2?
A

148

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21
Q
  1. What is meant by a solute?
A

a substance that dissolves in a liquid

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22
Q
  1. What is meant by a solvent?
A

the liquid that dissolves the solute

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23
Q
  1. How many cm3 are there in 1 dm3?
A

1000

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24
Q
  1. What is the concentration, in g dm-3, of 100 cm3 of a solution containing 2 g of solute?
A

20 g dm-3

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25
Q
  1. What is the concentration, in g dm-3, of 500 cm3 of a solution containing 5 g of solute?
A

5 g dm-3

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26
Q
  1. What is the concentration, in g dm?3, of 250 cm3 of a solution containing 4 g of solute?
A

4 g dm-3

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27
Q
  1. What is the amount, in moles, of hydrochloric acid, HCl, in 36.5 g?
A

1 mol

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28
Q
  1. What is the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, in 20 g?
A

0.5 mol

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29
Q
  1. What is the concentration of hydrochloric acid, in mol dm-3, if the concentration is 36.5 g dm-3?
A

1 (mol dm-3)

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30
Q
  1. What is the concentration of sodium hydroxide in mol dm-3, if the concentration is 20 g dm-3?
A

(0.5 (mol dm-3))

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31
Q
  1. What are the two substances formed when an acid reacts with an alkali?
A

salt and water

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32
Q
  1. What type of reaction takes place when an acid reacts with an alkali?
A

neutralisation

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33
Q
  1. Is potassium hydroxide an acid, an alkali or a salt?
A

alkali

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34
Q
  1. Is sodium sulfate an acid, an alkali or a salt?
A

salt

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35
Q
  1. What is used to show that a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral?
A

an indicator

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36
Q
  1. What colour is phenolphthalein in an acidic solution?
A

colourless

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37
Q
  1. What colour is methyl orange in an alkaline solution?
A

yellow

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38
Q
  1. What measuring instruments are used to measure the accurate volumes of acid and alkali in a titration?
A

burette and pipette

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39
Q
  1. H How many moles of solute are there in 2 dm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid?
A

0.2 mol

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40
Q
  1. H How many moles of solute are there in 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid?
41
Q
  1. What is the abbreviation used for the mole, the unit for amount of substance?
42
Q
  1. How many particles are there in 1 mole of particles?
A

6.02 × 1023

43
Q
  1. The mass of 1 mole of carbon atoms is 12 g. What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon atoms?
44
Q
  1. 2 g of hydrogen gas contains 1 mole of hydrogen molecules. How many moles are there in 1 g of hydrogen molecules?
45
Q
  1. Each water molecule contains three atoms. How many moles of atoms are there in 2 moles of water molecules?
46
Q
  1. The relative formula mass of chlorine gas is 71. What is the mass of 1 mole of chlorine gas?
47
Q
  1. What happens to the volume of a gas if its pressure is increased but its temperature is kept the same?
A

volume decreases

48
Q
  1. What happens to the volume of a gas if its temperature is increased but its pressure is kept the same?
A

volume increases

49
Q
  1. What is 100 dm3 in cm3?
A

100 000 cm3

50
Q
  1. 0.5 mol of salt is dissolved in 2 dm3 of water. What is the concentration of the solution?
A

0.25 mol dm–3

51
Q
  1. What are the chemical symbols for the elements nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus?
52
Q
  1. What two gases react together to produce ammonia in the Haber process?
A

nitrogen, hydrogen

53
Q
  1. What temperature is used in the Haber process?
54
Q
  1. What pressure is used in the Haber process?
A

200 atmospheres

55
Q
  1. Why is iron used in the Haber process?
A

It is the catalyst/it makes the reaction go faster.

56
Q
  1. Is ammonium sulfate soluble or insoluble in water?
57
Q
  1. Name the acid needed to produce ammonium nitrate.
A

nitric acid

58
Q
  1. Name the acid needed to produce ammonium sulfate.
A

sulfuric acid

59
Q
  1. What method produces a solution containing only salt and water from an acid and alkali?
A

titration/neutralisation

60
Q
  1. There is only one product in the Haber process. What is the atom economy of the process?
61
Q
  1. Write down or describe the symbol used for reversible reactions.
A

double headed arrow

62
Q
  1. Do the reactions keep going when a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium?
63
Q
  1. Do the concentrations of the reacting substances change at equilibrium?
64
Q
  1. What compound is manufactured in the Haber process?
65
Q
  1. If the temperature is increased in a dynamic equilibrium, does the position move towards the endothermic reaction or towards the exothermic reaction?
A

towards the endothermic reaction

66
Q
  1. If the pressure is increased in a dynamic equilibrium involving gases, does the position move towards the fewest number of moles of gas?
67
Q
  1. Compared with the theoretical yield, is the actual yield of product usually less, the same or more?
68
Q
  1. What happens to the rate of a reaction if the temperature is increased?
A

it increases

69
Q
  1. What happens to the rate of a reaction if a suitable catalyst is added?
A

it increases

70
Q
  1. Does a catalyst get used up in the reaction it catalyses?
71
Q
  1. Which is more reactive, zinc or iron?
72
Q
  1. Name the ion released by acids when they dissolve in water.
A

hydrogen/H+

73
Q
  1. Name the product formed when hydrogen reacts with oxygen.
74
Q
  1. What charged particles move through the liquid during electrolysis?
75
Q
  1. In what type of reaction is energy transferred to the surroundings?
A

exothermic

76
Q
  1. What is the unit for electrical potential difference?
77
Q
  1. In electrolysis, what do we call the ionic compounds that are decomposed?
A

electrolytes

78
Q
  1. What is the approximate voltage of a typical AA battery?
79
Q
  1. What fuel is used in a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell?
80
Q
  1. What is oxidation?
A

reaction with oxygen/gain of oxygen/loss of electrons

81
Q
  1. Fertilisers typically contain three essential elements. What are they?
A

Fertilisers help to replace nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, which are used by growing plants.

82
Q
  1. Which essential elements are provided by the fertiliser potassium nitrate, KNO3?
A

Potassium nitrate contains potassium and nitrogen.

83
Q
  1. What fertiliser can be made by neutralising potassium hydroxide with phosphoric acid?
A

Potassium phosphate is made by reacting potassium hydroxide with phosphoric acid.

84
Q

What is the name of the process to make ammonia and what is the balanced reaction?

A

The Habour Process

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

85
Q
  1. Which of the following properties is essential for compounds used in fertilisers?
A

Compounds used in fertilisers need to be soluble in water so they can be absorbed through their roots.

86
Q
  1. Which of these salts could be made from ammonia and nitric acid?
A

NH4NO3 could be made from ammonia (NH3) and nitric acid (HNO3).

87
Q
  1. Which two reactants are needed to make ammonium sulfate in the laboratory?
A

Ammonia + sulfuric acid → ammonium sulfate.

88
Q
  1. A student has prepared a solution of ammonium sulfate. What should she do to prepare dry crystals of ammonium sulfate?
A

Evaporation will remove the water and leave behind crystals of ammonium sulfate.

89
Q
  1. Why is the industrial manufacture of fertilisers carried out using a continuous process rather than a batch process?
A

The continuous process involves the continual adding of reactants as products are removed. This is more suited to the production of larger quantities of chemicals than batch processes.

90
Q
  1. What is the effect of adding a catalyst to a reversible reaction?
A

Catalysts decreases the time taken to reach equilibrium as they speed up the forward and reverse reactions. Catalysts have no effect on the yield.

91
Q
  1. In the Haber process, decreasing the temperature increases the yield of the reaction. Why is a very low temperature not used?
A

Rate decreases as temperature decreases, so the reaction would be too slow. The reactant gases involved would not condense unless the temperature was very low indeed.

92
Q
  1. Why is producing ethanol from ethene not sustainable?
A

Ethene is obtained by cracking fractions from crude oil, so there is a finite supply of the raw material for ethene. Ethene does not cause ozone depletion.

93
Q
  1. Which of these factors does not affect the choice of reaction pathway in an industrial chemical manufacturing process?
A

The relative formula mass of the products does not effect the choice of reaction pathway. The uses of by-products is important a forming valuable by-products can improve profitability of the process.

94
Q
  1. Which of the following is a method used to produce ethanol from sugars?
A

Fermentation is used to produce ethanol from sugars.

95
Q
  1. Chemical cells produce a voltage. When do they stop producing a voltage and ‘go flat’?
A

When one of the reactants has run out

96
Q
  1. Which is a disadvantage for using a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in a space station?
A

Fuel cells do not generate much heat due to their efficiency, so they are not useful for keeping the space station warm. They do have a small and compact size.

97
Q
  1. Where can hydrogen be obtained from on the space station without transporting it from Earth?
A

Water can be electrolysed using electricity from solar cells. This produces hydrogen and oxygen. Plants do not generate hydrogen.

98
Q
  1. In the space station, why can you not rely on solar cells all the time?
A

Solar cells only work when sunlight falls on them, and this is not always the case on the space station. Solar cells are usually very reliable.

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (13 decks)

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