Topic 6 - Materials Flashcards
What is the reactivity series of metals?
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Aluminium (Al)
*Carbon
Zinc (Zn)
Iron (Fe)
Tin (Sn)
Lead (Pb)
*hydrogen
Copper (Cu)
Silver (Au)
Gold (Au)
Platinum (Pt)
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
Lit splint gives a squeaky pop
Core practical: Method to test 3 metals to determine order of reactivity?
1) Add 5cm3 of acid to the test tube.
2) Record the temperature of the acid.
3) Add a spatula or the metal filling and record your observations and new temperature.
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal in the reactivity series will displace a less reactive metal from its compound.
Example of a displacement reaction.
Potassium + Copper chloride —> Copper + potassium chloride.
What is oxidation?
A reaction where a substance gains oxygen.
What is reduction?
A reaction where a substance loses oxygen.
Example of oxidation and reduction.
Copper oxide + Carbon -> Copper + Carbon dioxide
Carbon was oxidised
Copper was reduced
Is oxidation a loss or gain of electrons?
A loss of electrons.
Is reduction a loss or gain of electrons?
A gain of electrons.
How to remember if oxidation and reduction are a loss or gain?
O.I.L.R.I.G
What is an ore?
An ore is a rock that contains enough of a metal compound to extract a metal for profit.
More reactive metals will reactive with other elements to form compounds in rocks.
Unreactive metals are found in the earths crust as the uncombined elements.
What does extraction mean?
Process of obtaining a metal from a compound.
Equation for extraction copper from copper oxide with carbon?
Copper oxide + Carbon —> Copper + Carbon dioxide
What is meant by recycling metals?
When metals can be recycled by melting them down and making them into something new.
What are advantages of recycling?
• Saves energy, which reduces burning of fossil fuels which are running out and contribute to acid rain and climate change.
• As there is a finite amount of raw materials it conserves these resources.
• Extracting metals impacts the environment. Mines are damaging to the environment and destroy habitats. Recycling metals means we won’t need mines.
• Cuts down the amount of rubbish sent to landfill which takes up space and pollutes surroundings.
• Saves money on energy.
• Beneficial to the economy metals that are expensive to extract or buy.
• Recycling creates lots of jobs.
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
• Costs and energy used in collecting, transporting and sorting metals to be recycled.
• Can be more expensive and require more energy to recycle than to extract new metal.
What is a lifecycle assessment?
A life cycle assessment looks at each stage of the life of a product - from making the material from natural raw materials, to making the product from the materia, using the product and disposing of the product. It works out the potential environmental impact of each stage.