Topic 10 - Rates Of Reaction Flashcards
Activation energy
The energy needed to start a reaction.
Exothermic reaction
Transfers heat energy to the surrounding so the temperature of the surroundings increases.
Endothermic reaction
Absorbs heat energy from the surroundings so the temperature of the surroundings decreases.
Breaking bonds
Endothermic
Making bonds
Exothermic
Acronym to remember breaking bonds and making bonds?
Bendomex
Energy profile diagram:
Exothermic reaction
Overall, more heat energy is released in the making of bonds in the reactants, than is needed to break the bonds in the reactants.
Energy profile diagram:
Endothermic reaction
More heat energy is needed in the breaking of bonds in the reactants than is released in the making of the bonds on the reactants.
Bond energies
Total energy change = Total energy in - Total energy out
What is needed for a reaction to occur?
• For a reaction to occur particles need to collide.
• The particles can be a molecule, ion or atoms.
• The particles need to collide with enough energy for particles to reaction - the activation energy is the minimum energy needed.
Effective collision/Successful collision
Collisions between atoms or molecules that successfully transfer enough energy for the atoms or molecules to react together.
Four way in which a reaction can be increased?
The collision model helps explain this.
1) Increasing the temperature.
2) Increasing the surface area.
3) Increasing the concentration in a reacting solution.
4) Increasing the pressure in a reacting gas.
Concentration
• Increases the number of reactant particles in the same volume.
• Therefore collision occur more often
• Therefore rate increases.
Temperature
• The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.
• Therefore, particles will collide more frequently.
• And with more energy meaning more successful collisions
• Therefore rate increases.
Surface area
• The greater the surface area, the more particles there are on the surface where collisions happen.
• Therefore, there will be more collisions per second.
• Therefore rate increases.