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geo > topic 6: global development > Flashcards

topic 6: global development Flashcards

1
Q

define development

A

an improvement in the quality of life for the population of a country

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of development?

A

economic, political, social, cultural

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3
Q

state 3 threats to water security

A

increased population, consumption, water pollution

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4
Q

state 3 impacts of water insecurity

A

840,000+ die from water related disease
750 million lack access to safe water
women and children spend 140 million hours collecting water a day

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5
Q

what is the GDP?

A

the total value of goods and services produces within a country in a year

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6
Q

what is the GNI?

A

Gross National Income, including oversea earnings

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7
Q

what is the HDI?

A

Human development index (composite)

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8
Q

state the 4 factors affecting HDI

A

life expectancy at birth
GNI per capita (US$ PPP)
mean years of schooling for adults aged 25
expected years of schooling for children at school entering age

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9
Q

what is PPP?

A

purchasing power parity ==> how cost of living varies in different countries

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10
Q

state 4 factors affecting development

A

uneven population (+ economically active = job competition)
poverty
physical environment (land relief)
lack of investment

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11
Q

state a reason for inequality in the uk (1)

A

remote areas - limited job opportunities / physical geography is challenging

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12
Q

state a reason for inequality in the uk (2)

A

employment sectors - areas that were important for industries are declining ( deindustrialisation)

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13
Q

state a reason for inequality in the uk (3)

A

closed factories - traditional industrial areas have struggled to replace jobs

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14
Q

state the 5 causes of global inequality

A

physical environment
political/ economic policies
history
demography
social investment

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15
Q

what is FDI

A

foreign direct investment - overseas investment in physical capital by transactional corporations

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16
Q

what is fair trade

A

a movement that aims to create direct long-term trading like with producers in developing countries to ensure they receive a fair [price for their products

17
Q

what’s a foreign exchange gap

A

when countries lack the money to pay for important vitals to development e.g oil

18
Q

what’s a saving gap

A

population pressures prevent economic growth for investment in industry and infrastructure

19
Q

what’s a technical gap

A

a shortage of skills needed for development

20
Q

what does HIPC stand for

A

heavily indebted poor countries

21
Q

who was the HIPC established by

A

1966 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

22
Q

what are the successes of the HIPC initiative

A

by 2015 the debt reduction under the HIPC initiative had been improved for 36 countries

23
Q

examples of countries HIPC had helped

A

30 countries in Africa

24
Q

what are remittances

A

money sent back to the source country by migrants/diasporas

25
Q

what are the advantages of remittances on the source country

A

gains money from migrants
attracts migrants back to original country
money used to improve quality of life

26
Q

how do remittances contribute to reducing uneven development

A

money can be used to invest in areas of the country that need maintenance e.g infrastructure, homes, food/water insecurity

27
Q

what is a caste

A

different social rankings

28
Q

what are economic core regions

A

most highly developed regions in a country

29
Q

what is the periphery

A

regions outside of the economic core region - tend to be the least developed regions in a country

30
Q

what are the 6 factors as to why there is uneven development across a country

A

technological advancements
geographical location
climate
terrain/relief
employment sectors
FDI

31
Q

what does the primary employment sector do

A

collect raw materials
e.g farmer, miner, fisher

32
Q

what does the secondary employment sector do

A

manufacture from raw materials
e.g factory worker

33
Q

what does the tertiary employment sector do

A

provide a service
e.g doctor, teacher, sales assistant

34
Q

what does the quaternary employment sector do

A

it involves research and development
e.g scientists, engineers

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