Topic 6: Expertise

Question 1

Principle #1

Answer 1

Requires vast amounts of knowledge

Question 2

Principle #2

Answer 2

Is based on memory of patterns, experts perceive large meaningful patterns in their domain

Question 3

Principle #3

Answer 3

Is acquired over many years of experience, experts are faster than novices at performing the skills of their domain, both physical and analytical

Question 4

Principle #4

Answer 4

Experts see and represent a problem in their domain at a deeper level than novices

Question 5

Principle #5

Answer 5

Experts spend a great deal of time analyzing a problem qualitatively, whereas novices start work at a problem immediately

Question 6

Principle #6

Answer 6

Experts have strong self-monitoring skills

Question 7

Galton’s idea

Answer 7

• Hereditary factors determine the limit of the attainable performance for a given individual
• This limit can in no way be exceeded
• Human abilities are inherited
• Talent is an innate ability
• Peak performance of each individual is determined by genetics
• Everyone will attain their peak performance
• Peak performance cannot be improved regardless of conditions

Question 8

Hunter College study

Answer 8

Having a high IQ and a good education is not enough to reach peak performance

Question 9

Development of Talent project

Answer 9

Were there any common factors that contributed to success?
Exceptional conditions, not exceptional individuals; Rather, they were ordinary and had no strong intentions toward achieving a high standard of skill in that area. Conditions: Encouraged and supported in their training before they were picked out. Aptitudes, attitudes, and expectations grew in concert, and were mutually conforming

Question 10

What do the two studies tell us?

Answer 10

Precocious achievements do not predict adult expertise, and adult expertise is not necessarily preceded by early childhood achievements

Question 11

Improvement vs. evolution

Answer 11

There is no biological evolution with physical and musical abilities, though learning allows us to adapt and improve faster than we can evolve.