Topic 6 - Education policy and inequality Flashcards

Question

Policies since 2010 Academies

Answer 1

not under local authority control some run by private buisnesses some run by state control no focus on reducing inequality

Answer 2

Run by parents teachers faith organisations or buisnesses to overcome problems in the area critisices as only benefits middle class

Answer 3

Ball: Free schools and academies: Fragmentation: diversity of provision Centralisation: more central government control

Answer 4

Free school meals for all reception, year one and year two Pupil premium: extra money for pupils from disadvantaged background

Answer 5

Spending cuts: Buildings Cuts to Sure Start EMA abolished University fees tripled

Answer 6

Privatisation – transfer of public assets (schools) to private companies. This means education is used to make a profit. Ball: Education services industry Private companies involved in: Building schools, supply teachers, work-based learning, careers Public-private partnerships (PPP) School buildings Highly profitable Companies make more profits on these projects than other contracts.

Answer 7

Many globalised companies involved in education, e.g. Edexcel owed by Pearson. Educational software companies owned by media multinationals. Also UK policies and initiatives exported.

Answer 8

Indirect privatisation: Vending machines Branded displays links to purchases, e.g. Tesco computers for schools (£110,000 purchases needed for one PC!)

Answer 9

Policy encourages privatisation ‘legitimate object of private profit-making’

Answer 10

Equal opportunities policies GIST WISE – women into science & engineering National Curriculum Introduction of coursework Equality in subjects Impact of feminism Higher education more open

Answer 11

Assimilation – knowledge of British culture Criticised as victim blaming – ignores poverty and racism Multicultural education – valuing all cultures e.g. Black History month Misguided as minorities not lacking self-esteem Critical race theorists – tokenism (see Topic 3) New Right – keeps divisions, should learn British culture Social inclusion – monitoring results, legislation, EAL.

Answer 12

Critical race theorists argue that MCE stereotypes minority cultures and does not tackle institutional racism. New Right argue MCE perpetuates cultural divisions. Education should promote a single national culture and assimilate minorities into it.

Answer 13

Detailed monitoring of results by ethnicity Legal duty through Race Relations Act amendment Help for voluntary ‘Saturday schools’ for minority ethnic groups Continued funding of EAL These policies look at individuals rather than focusing on wider social problems **Mirza: fail to tackle structural causes Gillborn: institutional racism must be tackled **

Answer 14

**British Values: **Gove advocated for a curriculum that prioritised the teaching of British history, literature, and values to foster a shared cultural understanding. Additionally, he promoted the inclusion of topics such as democracy, the rule of law, and individual liberty, emphasising the importance of these values in shaping responsible and engaged citizens. **Assessment Reforms:** Gove introduced more rigorous and standardised system of assessments in education. **Free Schools:** Gove championed the establishment of free schools, which operate independently from local authority control. **Academies:** Gove's promoted the conversion of underperforming schools into academies.

Answer 15

The British economy needs to complete with other countries Need for highly trained workforce, e.g. computer programmers Increased immigration creates a need for learning about other cultures Ideas about education are shared between nations Competition for jobs on a global scale

Answer 16

Promoted by international organisations: OECD, World Bank, WTO and large global private education businesses Multi-billion pound global market Hancock: estimates it to be worth £18 billion per year to the UK economy This market is growing and has an impact on UK educational policy

Answer 17

Testing of Mathematics, Science & Reading Representative samples of 9 to 15 year olds, between 350,00 and 600,00 Ranked in league tables showing relative performance of different countries Countries can monitor how their education systems perform in a global context PISA publishes new data every 3 years

Answer 18

Reassessment of effectiveness existing policy Formation of new policy Curriculum reform that enables education systems to complete globally Improving teaching & learning

Answer 19

National Literacy & numeracy strategies: Labour, 1998 to 2010 Slimming down National Curriculum: Coalition, 2010 to 2015 **Raising academic entry requirement for teacher training: 2012, following Finland**

Answer 20

**globalisation has lead to education being an economic concern focused on meeting the needs of the economy ignoring wider dimensions of education** Wider dimensions: children’s well being, social cohesion, appreciating culture, passing on knowledge through the ages, citizenship, PHSE, etc

Answer 21

PISA, TIMMS AND PIRLS are set on numeracy, literacy and science only Test results are not necessarily evidence of quality of education received, there are also concerns of reliability & validity of tests used. International ranking may be reflecting the wider social contexts that are beyond the control of teachers & schools and therefore cannot be changed by educational reform.

Answer 22

These are new technical A-levels introduced in September 2020 – they are two year courses designed to be the equivalent of 3 A Levels. They involve at least 45 days of work experience and have been designed to provide students with a direct pathway into skilled employment They are available in a number of different subject/ employment areas including: accounting catering education and childcare on-site construction media, broadcast and production.

Answer 23

The RSA notes the following problems: There has been a lack of a clear, long term vision and strategy about what direction vocational education should take. There has been insufficient funding, not helped by funding cuts to the post-16 sector since 2010. There’s been poor employer engagement in training provision. There is a fragmented system of delivery – with some students getting very high quality vocational education, but too many getting sub-standard training. The majority of parents still hold academic qualifications in more esteem than vocational qualifications

Answer 24

Birdwell, Grist, Margo Vocational children are ignored by the eductation system

Answer 25

If student fails 11+ secondary modern If student passes 11+ then they go to a grammar school or a technical school Culturally bias, middle class can afford tutors and so have better access to grammar schools

Answer 26

Setting streaming banding Schools taking in students from local areas No overt selection policies Greater difference in top and bottom sets

Answer 27

League tables Ofsted 1988 Education Reform Act

Answer 28

Sure Start - parents access to early learning, support Educational Maintenance allowance, counteract the immediate gratification of benefits of work Raising school leaving age to 18 to tackle NEATS (not in education employment and training) Reduce Class sizes Primary

Answer 29

Pupil premium Universal children up to age of 7 Free school meals Covert selection processes