Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC101 > Topic 6 - Consciousness > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Define consciousness

A

The subjective awareness of mental events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 4 measures of consciousnes.

A

Self reporting
Experience-sampling
Brain imaging techniques
Direct observation and recording behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 functions of consciousness?

A

Monitor - self & the environment

Control - thoughts and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What area in brain is activated when people exercise conscious control?

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define attention.

A

The process of focusing conscious awareness, providing heightened sensitivity to a limited range of experience requiring more extensive information processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 components of attention?

A

Orienting

Controlling contents of consciousness

Maintaining alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is divided attention studied?

A

Dichotic listening tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 types of daydreaming?

A
  1. Positive constructive daydreaming.
  2. Guilty-dysphoric daydreaming
  3. Poor attentional control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How did Freud define consciousness?

A

One of three mental systems: Conscious = in awareness
Preconscious = could be readily brought into awareness if needed
Unconscious = inaccessible to consciousness - repressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define subliminal perception

A

Refers to perception of stimuli below the threshold of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cognitive view of the unconscious?

A

That it is information processing mechanisms such as implicit memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Damage to which area of the brain can lead to a complete loss of consciousness?

A

The hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

As people begin to relax and close their eyes for sleep, what waves emerge and what do they show?

A

Alpha waves - they show a slowing of mental activity and transition into sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What waves are present in sleep stage 1?

What physiological changes occur?

A

Theta waves.

Eye mvt slows, muscles relax, BP drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What changes are seen in brain waves in sleep stage 2?

A

Slightly larger waves, interrupted by bursts of low amplitude activity (sleep spindles)

Slow, high amplitude waves = K-complexes

Sleep deepens, alpha activity disappears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What waves are seen in Sleep Stage 3?

What signifies transition from Stage 3-4?

A

Large, slow, rhythmic delta waves emerge.

When delta waves are more than 50% of brain activity, person has moved to stage 4.

17
Q

What is stage 4 characterised by?

A

Relaxed muscles, decreased respiration rate and lower body temp.

18
Q

What occurs after sleep stage 4?

A

Stage 4 is interrupted and the stages reverse. Instead of reaching stage 1, the sleeper enters REM sleep.

19
Q

What is REM sleep characterised by?

A

Rapid eye movement.
Pulse quickens, BP increases, RR is fast & irregular, signs of sexual arousal.

Dreaming occurs in REM

20
Q

What brain areas are active in REM?

A

Pons, thalamus, amygdala.

Visual association areas in occipital and temporal lobes.

21
Q

Why do we accept bizarre story lines in dreams?

A

because the frontal circuits involved in critical thinking and social judgement are shut off during dreams.

22
Q

How long is a sleep cycle typically?

A

90 mins

23
Q

What brain waves are seen in meditation?

A

Alpha & Beta

Occasionally Delta

24
Q

Define mindfulness

A

A state of focused awareness whereby an individual calls upon all senses to shift focus from external stimuli to internal awareness and develop the mental, emotional, physical and social competencies needed to successfully handle life’s challenges.

Mindfulness involves a heightened awareness of thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

25
Q

What is the hidden observer?

A

The hidden observer theory by Ernest Hilgard assumes that a separate consciousness is formed in an individual’s mind during hypnosis which is capable of observing the individual.
The conscious participant has no idea what has happened during hypnosis but the hidden observer can recall all of it.

26
Q

How does alcohol reduce anxiety?

A

Appears to enhance GABA activity. GABA inhibits norepinephrine which is involved in anxiety

27
Q

What are the two groups of disorders of consciousness?

A

UWS - unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (prev. vegetative)

MCS - minimally conscious state

PSYC101 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions