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Psychology: Crime > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain punishment as a response to criminal behaviour

A
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2
Q

What are non-custodial punishments?

A

punishments that don’t include a prison sentence

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3
Q

What are the different types of non-custodial punishments?

A
  • Fines= given for minor offences (i.e. violating traffic laws).
  • Community sentences= unpaid work in your community
  • Probation= giving an offender freedom during good behaviour under the supervision of a probation officer
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4
Q

What are custodial sentences?

A

Prison sentences

Only given to serious offences

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5
Q

Examples of custodial sentences?

A
  • Special secure hospitals= provide accommodation, treatment and support for people with severe mental health problems who pose a risk to the public.
  • Residential centres= for young offenders
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6
Q

what are the reasons for prison as a form of punishment?

A
  • protect the public
  • retribution- criminals get what they deserve
  • deterrence- fear of ending up in prison
  • reform/rehabilitation- prisoners change their behaviour
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7
Q

Effects of imprisonment?

A
  • overcrowding
  • boredom
  • fear of violence from other prisoners
  • mental health problems- depression anxiety, depression and psychosis
  • suicide
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8
Q

Is prison effective ?

A

Yes:
- prevents serious offenders from committing further crimes
- provides offenders with an opportunity to learn new skills or change behaviour

No:
- reoffending rates in uk are 47%

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9
Q

Limitations of punishment and reform

A
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10
Q

The experience of imprisonment

A
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11
Q

What is th key research

A

Haney et al

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12
Q

Background

A
  • individual explanation: prisons are full of sadistic guards and lawless/impulsive prisoners
  • situational: the situation they’re places in causes them to behave a certain way
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13
Q

Aim

A

To investigate the psychological effects on ‘prisoners’ or ‘prison guards’

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14
Q

What’s the research method

A
  • lab
  • independent measures
  • IV: role of prisoner or guard
  • DV: behaviour of prisoners or guards (measured by audio and video recordings and direct observation)
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15
Q

Sample

A
  • self selected (newspaper article)
  • all male
  • college students, middle class, strangers to each other
  • 75 picked originally. 25 picked for the study
  • 10 prisoners, 11 guards
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16
Q

Procedure

A
  • mock prison (set up in a basement of Stanford university): 3 small cells and one unlit solitary confinement room
  • rooms for guards in a separate wing
  • guards worked 3 man 8 hour shifts
  • all prisoner signed a pre experiment contract stating the expectations. Made aware they will have very little to no privacy and suspended their civil rights with the exception of physical abuse.
  • guards met at a briefing session and told they should ‘maintain a reasonable degree of order within the prison necessary before its effective functioning.’
  • picked up at their home by the police
  • stripped down naked and deloused before being sent to their cell
  • guards referred to prisoners by their number ]
  • guards uniform: military style clothing, whistle, night stick
  • prisoner uniform: wore muslin smocks with a number and a light chain on their ankle
  • experiment ended after 6 days. Originally set up for 2 weeks
17
Q

Results on the guards?

A
  • no physical abuse as it was not allowed- was a lot of verbal aggression
  • all of the guards turned up on time and even stayed for extra hours
  • some guards said they experience distress at the way they treated the prisoners
18
Q

Results on the prisoners?

A
  • 5 prisoners released early due to extreme emotional distress
  • one prisoner developed a psychosomatic rash
  • many others showed: crying; rage; and anxiety
  • became hyper obedient
19
Q

Conclusions?

A
  • supports situational explanation- prison environment has a negative effects on prisoners AND guards
  • negative effect on interpersonal relationship on prisoners and guards
  • guards develop PATHOLOGY OF POWER
  • prisoners develop PATHOLOGICAL PRISONER SYNDROME
  • ordinary people can play into these extreme roles
20
Q

Strength of validity 1

A

Participants reacted to the situation as it was real life: 90% of prisoner conversations were about prison life. Thus, high ecological validity- accurately represents imprisonment

21
Q

Weakness of validity 1

A

Low ecological validity: set in a mock prison not a real one due to practical and ethical reasons. Moreover, many unpleasant parts of prison life was absent e.g. racism

22
Q

Strength of reliability 1

A

Statistics are usually collected consistently and under strict guidelines such asp crime stats, employment status and community outcomes

23
Q

Weakness of reliability 1

A

Haneys conclusions are based off observations of the guards and prisoners

24
Q

Strength of sampling bias 1

A
25
Q

Weakness of sampling bias 1

A
26
Q

Weakness of ethnocentrism 2

A

Psychology: Crime (6 decks)

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