Topic 5a The nervous system Flashcards
Define Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the regulation of conditions inside the body and cells to maintain a stable internal environment, in response to changes both internal and external conditions
Give two example conditions in your internal environment that need regulating and maintaining
Blood glucose content Body temperature Body water content
What is a stimulus
A change in your environment which may require a response
Name the part of the automatic control system that receives information about a stimulus and organises a response
Co-ordination centre
The water content in the body is monitored by a control system. If it gets to low, a negative feedback mechanism is triggered. Briefly outline the stages in this feedback system
- Receptors of detect a stimulus when the water content of the body is to low -This information is sent to the co-ordination centre, which organises an appropriate response from the effectors - The effectors respond to counteract the change bringing its level back to the optimum level. Receptor detect stimulus - co-ordination centre organises response - effector bring water level to optimum
What categories are the control systems which regulate your internal environment categorised into
Nervous and Hormonal (chemical communication systems)
What type of effector secretes hormones
Glands secrete hormones
A sensory neurone is a type of neurone. Name two other types of neurone
Relay found in CNS Relay neurone = Carry electrical impulses from the sensory neurones to the motor neurones and are found in the Central Nervous System Motor neurone = The neurones that carry the electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors
A dog hears a cat moving in the garden and runs toward it. - What is the stimulus in this situation. - What detects the stimulus in this situation - What type of neurone transmits the information about the stimulus to the CNS
Stimulus - That sound of the cat moving Receptors in the dogs ears detect the stimulus (receptors sensitive to sound) Sensory neurone transmits the information to the CNS
What type of neurone transmits information from the CNS to an effector
Motor Neurone
How do nerve impulses travel between two neurones
The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the synapse which sets off an electrical impulse in the next nuerone
What is a reflex
Reflexes are fast automatic responses to specific stimuli
Give an example of the bodies natural automatic reflex response
Bright light shinning in the eye. Your pupils automatically get smaller to prevent excessive amounts of light getting into your eye and damaging your sight.
Do reflex arcs travel through conscious parts of your brain
No - they are automatic responses which bypass your conscious part of the brain completely when a fast response is required
What trick can be used to remember the reflex arc
SRSRMER Stimulus - Receptor -Sensory N - Relay N - Motor N -Effector - Response
David steps on a drawing pin and immediately pulls his foot up What is the stimulus in this response? What is the effector in this response, How does it respond?
Stimulus = would be the pain felt from stepping on the pin The effector in this response would be the muscles contracting in order for David to lift his foot off the ground (moving foot away from the source of pain)
What is reaction time
The time taken to respond to a stimulus