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IB Biology HL > Topic 5.3 Classification > Flashcards

Topic 5.3 Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

The binomial system of nomenclature

A

formal system by which all living species are classified

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2
Q

Why is the binomial system of nomenclature valuable?

A

It allows for the identification and comparison of organisms based on recognized characteristics

It allows all organisms to be named according to a globally recognized scheme

It can show how closely related organisms are, allowing for the prediction of evolutionary links

It makes it easier to collect, sort and group information about organisms

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3
Q

Binomial system of nomenclature two parts:

A

Genus is written first and is capitalized (Homo)

Species follows and is written in lower case (sapiens)

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4
Q

Eukarya

A

eukaryotic organisms that contain a membrane-bound nucleus

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5
Q

Archaea

A

prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the extremophiles

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6
Q

Eubacteria

A

prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consist of the common pathogenic forms

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7
Q

Hierarchy of Taxa

A 
Katy - K - Kingdom
Perry - P - Phylum
Comes - C - Class
Over - O - Order
For - F - Family
Grape - G - Genus
Soda - S - Species
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8
Q

Classification examples Animal

A 
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata
Class - Mammalia
Order - Primate
Family - Hominidae
Genus - Homo
Soda - sapiens
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9
Q

Classification examples Plant

A 
Kingdom - Plantae
Phylum - Angiospermophyta
Class - Eudicotidae
Order - Ranunculales
Family - Ranunculacae
Genus - Ranunculus
Soda - acris
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10
Q

Plant Phyla - Bryophyta features

A
  • Has no vascularisation (i.e. lacks xylem and phloem)
  • Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)
  • Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)
  • Examples include mosses and liverworts
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11
Q

Plant Phyla - Filicinophyta

A
  • Has vascularisation (i.e xylem and phloem)
  • Have leaves, roots and stems (leaves are pinnate – consisting of large fronds divided into leaflets)
  • Reproduce by releasing spores from clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves
  • Examples include ferns
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12
Q

Plant Phyla - Coniferophyta

A
  • Has vascularisation
  • Have leaves, roots and stems (stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle-like)
  • Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones
  • Examples include pine trees and conifers
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13
Q

Plant Phyla - Angiospermophyta

A
  • Has vascularisation
  • Have leaves, roots and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure)
  • Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers (seeds may develop in fruits)
  • Examples include all flowering plants and grasses
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14
Q

Animal Phyla - Porifera

A
  • No body symmetry (asymmetrical)
  • No mouth or anus (have pores to facilitate the circulation of material)
  • May have silica or calcium carbonate based spicules for structural support
  • Examples include sea sponges
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15
Q

Animal Phyla - Cnidaria

A
  • Have radial symmetry
  • Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
  • May have tentacles with stinging cells for capturing and disabling prey
  • Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral
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16
Q

Animal Phyla - Platyhelmintha

A
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
  • Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic
  • Examples include tapeworms and planaria
17
Q

Animal Phyla - Annelida

A
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Body composed of ringed segments with specialisation of segments
  • Examples include earthworms and leeches
18
Q

Animal Phyla - Mollusca

A
  • Have bilaterial symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Body composed of a visceral mass, a muscular foot and a mantle (may produce shell)
  • Examples include snails, slugs, octopi, squid and bivalves (e.g. clams)
19
Q

Animal Phyla - Arthropoda

A
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Have jointed body sections / appendages and have a hard exoskeleton (chitin)
  • Examples include insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and centipedes
20
Q

Animal Phyla - Chordata

A
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube for at least some period of their life cycle
  • Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (also invertebrate sea squirts)
21
Q

Vertebrate Classes

A 
Fish
Amphibian
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

IB Biology HL (32 decks)

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