Topic 50 Flashcards
Acromegaly (etiology)
- a.k.a hyperpituitarism
- due to hyperfunction of eosinophils of frontal pituitary lobe
- increase in GH
- gigantism in childhood
- acromegaly in adulthood
Acromegaly (Symptoms)
- mandibular prognathism
- macroglossia
- macrocheilia
- swollen gingiva
- large ears, nose, and eyebrows
- hyperplasia of dental cement
- wide diasthema
- sialosis
- hirsutism
- dermal hyperpigmentation
- DM
Acromegaly (diagnosis)
- X-ray
- CT
- MRI
Acromegaly (therapy)
- surgery of pituitary gland
- irradiation
- administration of octreotid and bromocriptin
- cosmetic resection of mandible
Cushing’s Syndrome (etiology)
- adrenocortical hyperfunction
- due to adenoma or carcinoma
- steroid treatment
- long term steroid treatment causes steroid collapse which should be considered during general anesthesia
Cushing’s Syndrome (symptoms)
- fatty deposits (moon face, buffalo hump)
- weakness of skeletal muscles
- hypertension
- headaches
- subcutaneous hematomas
- DM
- impaired wound healing
- hirsutism on face
- osteoporosis
- hypertrophic gingiva
- swollen parotid glands
- hyperpigmented skin and mucosa
- flushed face (plump rosy cheeks)
- teleangiectasis
- fungal infections
- hemorrhagic tendencies
Cushing’s Syndrome (diagnosis)
- CT
- MRI
Cushing’s Syndrome (therapy)
- surgery
- hormone substitution
Hypothyroidism (etiology)
- thyroid gland hypofunction
- congenital: cretinism
- acquired: myxoedema
Hypothyroidism (symptoms)
- macroglossia
- macrocheilia
- dry red mucosa (mucopolysaccharide infiltration)
- difficult speech and eating
- swollen face
- dry yellowish skin (carotin deposits)
- mental retardation
- bradycardia
- sensitivity to cold or hypothermia
- predisposition to ischemic cardiac disease
- may be accompanied by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Hypothyroidism (differential diagnosis)
- amyloidosis
- acromegaly
Hypothyroidism (therapy)
- hormone substitution (L-thyroxine)
- local and systemic antimycotic treatment
Hyperthyroidism (etiology)
- thyroid gland hyperfunction
- more common among women
- accompanying diseases:
- DM
- Myasthemia gravis
- Pernicious anemia
Hyperthyroidism (symptoms)
- goiter
- protruding eyes
- tachycardia
- loss of weight
- weakness
- sweating
- nervousness
- shaking
- diarrhea
- swelling of lymphatic gland
- osteoporosis
- disturbed mental states
- depression
- decrease sexual function
- vitiligo
Hyperthyroidism (oral symptoms)
- shaking and burning sensation of tongue
- early eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth
- osteoporosis may cause fracture of cheek bones
- swelling of gingiva
Hyperthyroidism (adverse effect of drugs)
antithyroid
antihypertension
tranquilizers
- agranulocytosis
- xerostomia
- candidiasis
Hyperthyroidism (differential diagnosis)
- thyroid tumors
Hyperthyroidism (therapy)
- thiocarbamide derivates
- carbimazole
- radioactive iodine therapy
- surgery
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (etiology)
- autoimmune disorder
- most common form of thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (symptoms)
- enlarged thyroid gland (not tender to touch)
- may evolve to myxoedema
- may produce symptoms of hyperthyroidism
- maybe accompanied by complcations of DM, Addison, pernicious anemia)
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (differential diagnosis)
- thyroid tumors
- basedow disease
- goiter
- lymphoma
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (therapy)
- L-thyroxin
Addison’s Disease (etiology)
- Hypofunction or total dectruction of the adrenal gland due to: * tumors * amyloidosis, * haemorrhages, * autoimmun origin * infections - decrease levels of adrenal hormones - increased level of ACTH and MSH
Addison’s Disease (symptoms)
- greyish-brown stained hyperpigmentation of the skin, mucosa (bucca, tongue, gingiva, lips) - lassitude - anorexia - nausea - diarrhea - anaemia - cachexia - orthostatic hypotension - shock - hypoglycemia - hyponatremia - hypercalcemia - vitiligo -aphtous ulcers
Addison’s Disease (differential diagnosis)
- racial hyperpigmentation
- melanoplakia
- malignant
melanoma - Peutz-Jeghers sy.
Addison’s Disease (therapy)
- glucocorticoid
- mineralocorticoid
- hormone substitution
Diabetes Mellitus (etiology)
- decreased insulin production
- metabolic disorder
Diabetes Mellitus (symptoms)
- dry skin
- xerostomia (dry mouth)
- glossodynia
- disorders of taste sensation
- angular cheilitis
- swollen parotid glands
- gingival anomalies
- itching of the gingiva
- medial rhomboid glossitis
- susceptibility to
ischemic cardiac disease,
hypoglicemic and diabetic coma - lichen oris, lichenoid reactions
Diabetes Mellitus (differential diagnosis)
- candidiasis
- Sjögren’s sy.
- irradiation
- disorders of the
salivary gland
Diabetes Mellitus (Therapy)
- primarily internal medical treatment
- antimicotic drugs
