Topic 5 - UK Human Environment Flashcards
Define the central business district (CBD)
the central area of a city, where land use is dominated by department stores, specialist and variety goods stores, offices, cinemas, theatres and hotels
Define a conurbation
an area in which a number of existing urban areas have grown and merged into a single large urban area
What is counter-urbanisation
the movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements and rural areas located beyond the city, or to more distant towns and cities
Define decentralisation
the movement of people, factories, offices and shops away from city centres to suburban and edge-of-city locations
What is de-industrilisation?
the decline of industrial activity in a region or in an economy
Define density
the number of people or things per unit area
Define depopulation
decline of total population of an area
What is deprivation?
lack of wealth and services. It usually means low standards of living caused by low income, poor health and low qualifications
What is the economic core?
the centre of a country or region economically, where businesses thrive, people have opportunities and are relatively wealthy; a highly developed area
What is the economic periphery?
the edge of a country or region in terms of economics; a more remote, difficult area where people tend to be poorer and have fewer opportunities; a less well developed area
Define gentrification
higher income earners more into run-down areas to be closer to their workplace, often resulting in the rehabilitation and regeneration of the area to conform with middle class lifestyles.
Define industrialisation
the move from an economy dominated by the primary sector to one dominated by manufacturing (the secondary sector)
What is infrastructure?
the basic services such as roads and power supplies which are needed to keep a country or region running
Define the term migrate
the process of people changing their place of residence, either within or between countries; the process of movement of features such as meanders
What is a population pyramid?
a bar chart arranged vertically, which shows the distribution of a population by age and sex
Define re-urbanisation
the movement of people back towards the city
Define rural-urban fringe
fringe the area where a town or city meets the countryside
What is rural-urban migration?
the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities
Define the term ‘site’
the actual location of a settlement on the Earth, composed of the physical characteristics of the landscape specific to the area
Define the term ‘situation’
the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places
Define studentification
communities benefit from local universities which provide employment opportunities and a large groups of student to regenerate area such as pubs/shops/buy-to-lets
Define suburbanisation
the outward spread of the built-up area, often at a lower density compared with the older parts of the town
What is the urban-rural fringe?
the area around the edge of a city where urban and rural land uses mix
Define the term diversification
when a business (e.g farm) decides to sell other products or services in order to survive or grow
