Topic 3 - Challenges of an urbansing world Flashcards
Define comprehensive development areas
areas, usually in the inner city, where the whole urban landscape was demolished before being rebuilt on a planned basis
Define congestion
areas, usually in the inner city, where the whole urban landscape was demolished before being rebuilt on a planned basis
Define degradation
the decline of an area, especially the environment, through erosion of land or soil, or loss of soil fertility
What is economic liberalisation?
when a country’s economy is given the freedom of a ‘market economy’, consumers and companies decide what people buy based on demand
Define fauna
the animals of a particular region
What are fossil fuels?
energy resource such as coal, oil or natural gas that was formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago
What is a non-governmental organisation (NGO)?
a national or international private organisation, which is distinct from governmental or inter-governmental agencies
Define secondary products
manufactured goods
Define an urban economy
the structure of businesses and jobs in a city
Define urbanisation
the increase in the percentage of people living in towns and cities, causing them to grow
What is a brownfield site?
a term used in urban planning to describe land previously used for industrial purposes or some commercial uses
Define globalisation
the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically, culturally and politically
What is the green belt?
undeveloped areas of land around the edge of cities with strict planning controls
What is a ‘hub’?
the centre of a network, where good communications help economic and social development
Define a major city
a city with a population of at least 200,000 inhabitants
Define a megacity
a very large city with a population of over ten million people
What is migration?
the long-term movement of people (or animals) within or between countries
Define the multiplier effect
spin-offs from one growing business, allowing other businesses to grow as well
What is outsourcing?
the concept of taking internal company functions and paying an outside firm to handle them
Define a primate city
the largest city in a country which dominates its economy, politics and often infrastructure
What is privatisation?
the sale of state-owned assets to the private sector
Define pull factor?
something that attracts people to a place
Define push factor
something that encourages people to leave a place
Define rebranding
a change of image
Define transnational corporation (TNC)
a firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment
