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Chapter 2 Sociology > Topic 5- The Role on Education in Society > Flashcards

Topic 5- The Role on Education in Society Flashcards

1
Q

what is a value consensus

A

the need for societies to have a common set of beliefs and principles to work with and towards

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2
Q

explain functionalism

A

view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or value consensus. believes society needs many functions to maintain it.

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3
Q

2 main functions of education Durkheim identified

A

social solidarity
specialist skills

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4
Q

social solidarity

2 points

A

in a society every individual should feel like they belong in one community
without it, social life and cooperation cannot occur as people would pursue their selfish desires

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5
Q

how does the education system help create social solidarity?

2 points

A

transmitting society’s culture from one generation to the next
teaching the county’s history creates a sense of shared heritage and commitment to a wider social group

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6
Q

how does school act as a ‘society in miniature’?

2 points

A

at school and work we have to communicate with those who aren’t friends and family
in school and work you have to work to rules that apply to everyone

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7
Q

specialist skills

2 points

A

education teaches individuals the specialist skills they need to play their part in the division of labour
as in industries there is a complex division of labour that involves specialists who have the necessary knowledge and skills to fulfil the role

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8
Q

what was parson’s perspective on education?

A

meritocratic

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9
Q

who viewed the education system as meritocratic?

A

parson’s

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10
Q

what does parson’s say about education?

A

school provides a bridge between society and family

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11
Q

what are particularistic standards+ where you are judged on them?

A

rules that only apply to a particular child

family

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12
Q

what are universalistic standards+ where you are judged on them?

A

rules that apply to everyone like the law

all society

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13
Q

what is believed about a person’s status?

A

achieved not ascribed

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14
Q

general belief about meritocracy in society

A

everyone is given an equal opportunity and an individual receives rewards through their ability and effort.

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15
Q

who sees education as role allocation?

A

Davis and Moore

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16
Q

what did Davis and Moore see education as?

A

role allocation

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17
Q

what is role allocation in education?

A

schools ensure that the most important roles in society are filled by people who are most suited/talented for the job, creates a social hierarchy

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18
Q

criticism on specialised skills

A

wolf review of vocational education claims that high quality apprenticships are rare and 1/3 of 16-19 year olds are on courses that don’t lead to good jobs/higher education

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19
Q

difference between functionalist and marxist views on education

A

functionalists- see education as a process that instils the values of society
marxists- education in a capitalist environment only transmits the ideology of a minority- the ruling class

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20
Q

what do neoliberals and new right argue about the education system?

A

it fails to prepare the young people for work

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21
Q

what is the main idea that neoliberals have about what governments should do? (3 points)

A

encourage competition
privatise state run businesses
deregulate markets

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22
Q

what do neoliberals argue about the value of education?

A

lies in how well a country can compete in the global marketplace

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23
Q

how can education competing in a global marketplace be achieved?

A

if schools act like businesses
use competition between schools
empowering parents and pupils

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24
Q

what political view are The New Right?

A

conservative

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25
what is a centre belief of The New Right ?
the state cannot meet people's needs and people are best left to meet their own needs through the free market
26
what do the New Right favour about education?
marketisation of education
27
3 similarities between New Right views and functionalist views
both believe: -some people are more naturally talented than others - favour a meritocratic education system and one that prepares you for work - education should socialise pupils into shared values
28
difference between New Right and functionalist belief on education?
New Right don't believe that the current education system is achieving the goals they share as it is run by the state
29
explain the New Right belief that state schools give a 'one size fits all' approach
encourages uniformity and disregards needs. they get inefficient and unresponsive creates lower student standards so performance decreases
30
what is the New Right's proposed solution to educational problems?
marketisation
31
what do The New Right believe competition between schools create? (3 points)
bring greater diversity more choice and efficiency in schools increase schools' ability to meet the needs of others
32
who are two people with the New Right Perspective?
chubb and moe
33
what do chubb and moe say about why the state run education has failed? (4 points)
not created equal opportunity failed disadvantaged groups fails to produce pupils with skills needed private schools answer to paying consumers so are higher quality
34
what did Chubb and Moe find in their study on low income families and achievements?
pupils from low income families consistently do 5% better in private schools than state schools
35
who are the 3 main functionalists in education?
* durkheim * parsons * davis and moore
36
what are the other words for working and capitalist class?
proletariat and bourgeoisie
37
who believed in the two class system?
marx
38
what were the 2 apparatuses that althusser believed kept the bourgeoisie in power?
* repressive state apparatuses * ideological state apparatuses
39
who believed in the ISAs and RSAs?
althusser
40
what do the RSAs include? | 3 things
* police * courts * army
41
what do the ISAs control?
people's: * beliefs * ideas * values
42
what are 2 things that althusser believes education does to class inequality?
* reproduces * legitimates
43
from althussers POV, how does education reproduce class inequality?
by transmitting it from one generation to the next by failing the next working class pupils in turn
44
from althussers POV, how does education legitimise class inequality?
by producing ideologies that disguise its true cause as the function of ideologies is to force workers to accept that inequality is inevitable
45
what do Bowles and Gintis believe the role of education system is for?
reproducing an obedient workforce that will accept that inequality is inevitable
46
what was the study on education that Bowles and Gintis did+their conclusions what schools did high grades- personality low grades- | how many
* studied 237 highschool students in NYC * schools reward those who have the personality traits as a submissive worker * those who got higher grades were generally obedient and disciplined * those who got low grades were creative and independent * therefore education produced obedient workers for capitalism
47
what is the term for the parallels between the school and workforce and who refers to them?
* bowles and gintis * correspondence principle
48
give 3 points how school reflects work in a capitalist society | 4 options given
* hierarchy among teachers> hierarchy of authority (managers supervisors workers) * alienation (students cant choose what to study)> alienation (managers decide what and how to produce something) * extrinsic satisfaction (from grades)>extrinsic satisfaction (from pay) * competition and division (top of the class- go to top set)> competition and division (status and pay)
49
do bowles and gintis believe in meritocracy?
no
50
what do bowles and gintis argue instead of meritocracy?
* they don't believe people have an equal chance * due to factors like social class, ethnicity and gender * education therefore reproduces the inequalities that are shown in society
51
despite Willis being a marxist what approach did he take when he researched pupils resisting brainwashing?
interactionist
52
what were the two groups identified at school from Willis' 1977 study?
* the lads * the ear'oles
53
what are 2 things that willis did not find after his study?
* did not find a simple correlation between education and the workplace * did not find that the lads were shaped by the educational system
54
what culture did the lads create?
counter school culture
55
how did a counter school culture have an effect on one's future?
prepared them for low skilled and low status jobs
56
who talks about a habitus and culture capital?
bourdieu
57
name 4 marxists who have researched education
* willis * bourdieu * bowles and gintis * althusser
58
what political party are The New Right?
conservative
59
what are the two things in education that The New Right believe in?
* marketisation * parentocracy
60
what are 3 similarities between functionalist and New Right beliefs
* believe some people are more naturally talented than others * favour an education system run on meritocratic principles and one that prepares young people for work * believe education should socialise pupils into shared values
61
what is the main difference between functionalists and the new right?
the new right think that the beliefs they share isnt being achievd in education right now because it is state run
62
who are 2 people with new right beliefs?
chubb and moe
63
give 3 reasons why chubb and moe believe state run education in america has failed
* not created equal opportunity and failed the needs of those disadvantaged * inefficient because it fails to produce pupils suitable for the economy * private schools deliver higher because they are delivering to paying consumers
64
who was consisted in chubb and moe's study and what conclusion did they draw?
* 60,000 pupils from low income families * 1,015 state and private schools * pupils from low income families did around 5% better in private schools than state schools
65
what did chubb and moe propose to put into state education to improve it?
a market system
66
what did chubb and moe do to introduce the market system into state schools?
gave each family a voucher to spend on buying an education of a school of their choice
67
what were the two roles for the state?
* the state imposes a framework for schools like ofsted reports to rank schools * the state makes sure schools transmit a shared culture like the national curriculum
68
what type of education do The New Right disagree with?
multicultural education that reflects the minority groups in britain
69
what did The New Right introduce as part of the 1988 Education Reform Act? | 4 things
* league tables * GCSEs * OFSTED * a national curriculum

Chapter 2 Sociology (6 decks)

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