Topic 3- Ethnic Differences in Achievement Flashcards
what are 3 external factors that affect ethnic differences in achievement?
- cultural deprivation
- material deprivation
- racism in wider society
what do cultural deprivation theorists say about intellectual and linguistic skills?
- lack of skills cause underachievement
- many children from low income black families lack intellectual stimulation
what official statistic show that children who don’t speak english at home are not held back academically?
- in 2010 pupils with english as their first language were only 3.2 points head of those without english as a first language when it came to gaining 5 GCSEs A*-C
what did moynihan’s 1965 study reveal about black families?
- many black families are headed by a lone mother
- children are deprived of adequate care as she struggles financially
- father’s absence means boys lack a role model of male achievement
what does Pryce 1979 say about asian and black caribbean pupils
- claims asians are higher achievers because their cultures are more resistant to racism
- black caribbeans culture is less cohesive and less resitant to racism so have low self esteem and underachieve
what does Sewell 2009 say about absent fathers
- the absence of fathers means they lack ‘tough love’
- black boys therefore find it hard to overcome emotional and behavioural differences of adolescence
what does Lupton 2004 say about asian families?
- families have an ‘asian work ethic’ so have high value on education
- adult authority is similar in asian families as is in schools so they were more likely to support behaviour policies
what does Palmer 2012 say about material deprivation in ethnic minorities?
4 statistics
- almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low income households as against a quarter of white children
- ethnic minorities are almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared to whites
- ethnic minority households are around three times as likely to be homeless
- almost half of bangladeshi and pakistani workers earned under £7 per hour compared with only a quarter of white british workers
what did Rex’s 1986 study show about ethnic minorities?
minorities were more likey to be forced into substandard accommodation than white people of the same class
what was wood’s 2010 study on employment and ethnic minorities
- sent 2 closely matched job descriptions to 1000 vacancies
- came from fake applicants with names associated to theit ethnic group
- for each job one was white and one an ethnic minority
- 1 in 16 ethnic minority applicants were offeredan interview compared to 1 in 9 white applicants
what are the 4 internal factors of ethnic differences in achievement?
- labelling and teacher racism
- pupil identities
- pupil responses and subcultures
- institutional racism
what did gillbourn and youdell find about black pupils in their 2000 study?
- teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils
- due to their racialised expectations
- black pupils felt teachers underestimated them
what did foster 1990 find about black pupils and streaming?
- negative stereotypes about black pupils as being badly behaved meant they got put into lower streams
- lead to self fulfilling prophecy and underachievement
what did Wright’s 1992 study reveal about asian pupils?
- teachers held ethnocentric views
- teachers assumed asian pupils has a bad grasp to english so excluded them
- they felt isolated when they disaproved of their customs and pronounced their name wrong
what are the 3 stereotypical ethnic pupil identities archer 2008 found?
- ideal pupil identity- white middle class masculine identity, heterosexual
- pathologised pupil identity- an asian, feminised identity, asexual or oppressed sexuality
- demonised pupil identity- black or white working class
